Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

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Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 31). Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport.html




Building Elite Teams: The Phases That Turn Talent into Triumph



Teamwork is everything. It's the indispensable multiplier that amplifies individual talents, drives exceptional performance, and creates a competitive edge.

Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It's a unique perspective and visual that serves as a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, researchers, journalists, and others worldwide have featured and utilized Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Finland Government, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Journal of Neurosurgery, Microsoft, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis Association, UC San Diego, UK Sports Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, and many others.

This article spotlights its powerful application in elite sport, where the margin between good and great often comes down to how well teams evolve and perform under intense pressure.

UK Sports Institute

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The UK Sports Institute features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in its materials on teamwork and leadership. The Institute supports Olympic and Paralympic athletes through multidisciplinary teams that integrate coaches, medics, data experts, physiologists, and logistics professionals. In these high-stakes environments, where coordination and trust can determine medals, a structured approach to team evolution is essential for building podium-ready performance.

U.S. Soccer

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U.S. Soccer has also adopted Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Soccer demands constant motion, quick decisions, and seamless interdependence. Players must read one another instinctively, adapt on the fly, and function as a single, fluid unit even when the game turns chaotic. The framework helps navigate the dynamics of team development—from early forming jitters to high-performing match-day cohesion and on-pitch fluidity that turns talent into trophies.

U.S. Tennis Association

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The U.S. Tennis Association brings yet another angle. Tennis may appear to be an individual pursuit, but elite success relies on an extensive support ecosystem. There are coaches, trainers, strength staff, mental performance specialists, and more. The Player Development section of the U.S. Tennis Association leverages Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." It works just as effectively when the “team” operates behind a single athlete—helping synchronize the support staff pod for peak performance—as it does in traditional squad sports.

NHL

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The preceding examples illustrate three elite sport organizations that have leveraged Graffius' work. But its relevance extends beyond them. Here's one example. Consider ice hockey, where physicality, blistering speed, and split-second adjustments define success. National Hockey League (NHL) teams operate in a pressure-cooker environment where line chemistry, defensive pairings, goaltender communication, and on-ice adaptability can shift in an instant. While this is not (yet) a documented public adoption by a league or franchise, "Phases of Team Development" offers coaches, captains, and leaders a valuable resource for building that cohesion—and ultimately the synchronized, high-output execution required for Stanley Cup contention.

Conclusion

No team starts on the podium. They evolve through distinct phases, and Graffius gives leaders actionable insights that they can leverage to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams. Its adoption by leading sport bodies reinforces its value in high-stakes, high-pressure environments.

A visual from the now-current (2026) edition of Scott M. Graffius’ "Phases of Team Development" is shown below and details are
here. It covers both human-only teams and human-AI teams (including handling the exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI).

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Bibliography



Agile Scrum Guide [@AgileScrumGuide]. (2024, August 21). The U.S. Tennis Association used and referenced our content by Scott M. Graffius (@ScottGraffius). X.
https://x.com/AgileScrumGuide/status/1826366633444868294?s=20

Graffius, S. M. (2025, March 16). U.S. Soccer Scores with Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property on Teamwork. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/u-s-soccer-scores-with-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property-on-teamwork.html

Graffius, S.
M. (2023, July25). The UK Sports Institute Features My Content! [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/scottgraffius_scott-m-graffius-content-featured-by-uk-activity-7089813136551149568-VWiY

Graffius, S. M. (2024, April 10). U.S. Tennis Association Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/usta-features-work-of-scott-m-graffius.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human-AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/exotic-team-dynamics.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 22). Scott M. Graffius Premieres His New "Exotic Team Dynamics: Human-AI Collaboration" Talk at Corporate Event in Las Vegas. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34380.07047

Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 29). Definitions of Advanced AIs: Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/advanced-ai-definitions.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 3). UK Sports Institute Features Teamwork and Leadership Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23408.11520

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). Navigating the Spectrum of Advanced AI – Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21284.74882

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). This is What Happens When Advanced AI Joins Your Team [Presentation; French translation for contextual clarity: Voici ce qui se passe lorsque l’IA avancée rejoint votre équipe]. Talk delivered in English at a corporate event, Paris, France.

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

National Hockey League. (n.d.). National Hockey League (NHL).
https://www.nhl.com/

Olympics. (n.d.). The Olympics.
https://www.olympics.com

Patterson, C. (2021, September 29). Post on X. X.
https://x.com/physiocolinp/status/1443292171252154377

UK Sports Institute. (n.d.). UK Sports Institute.
https://uksportsinstitute.co.uk/

UK Sports Institute (2023, April 25). English Institute of Sport Celebrates the Start of a New Era as the UK Sports Institute. UK Sports Institute.
https://www.uksport.gov.uk/news/2023/04/25/english-institute-of-sport-celebrates-the-start-of-a-new-era-as-the-uk-sports-institute

US Soccer. (n.d.). US Soccer.
https://www.ussoccer.com/

US Tennis Association. (n.d.). US Tennis Association (USTA).
https://www.usta.com/en/home.html




About Scott M. Graffius



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Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

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Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

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Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 31). Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport.html




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



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Content Acknowledgements



All names, marks, and material are the property of their respective owners.

Olympics name, marks, and material are the property of the International Olympic Committee (the IOC).

This article includes limited excerpts of content from the IOC, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • Phases of Team Development
  • Leadership
  • High-Performance Teams
  • Sports Management
  • Team Dynamics
  • Organizational Development
  • Olympics
  • Heated Rivalry
  • NHL
  • UK Sports Institute
  • US Soccer
  • US Tennis Association
  • Elite Sport Performance

  • #TeamDevelopment
  • #EliteSport
  • #Leadership
  • #Teamwork
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  • #OrganizationalDevelopment
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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



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Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI -- Or Be Outplayed

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

human-ai-teamwork-master-the-emergent-exotic-team-dynamics-or-be-outplayed---v2-lwres



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 23). Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI -- Or Be Outplayed. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/human-ai-teamwork-master-the-emergent-exotic-team-dynamics-or-be-outplayed.html




Introduction



Scott M. Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in value through AI, Agile, and advanced project, program, portfolio, and PMO leadership. He’s a practitioner, consultant, contractor, researcher, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s delivered 98 dynamic talks and workshops at conferences and other events across 25 countries.

This article provides a brief overview of his newest talk, "Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI — Or Be Outplayed."

Synopsis of "Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI -- Or Be Outplayed"



The future of work isn’t coming — it’s already here. The leaders and organizations that thrive will be those who can align, mobilize, and elevate both human and human-AI teams. This dynamic session provides a practical, immediately usable diagnostic and strategic playbook for navigating the complexities of both human-only and human-AI teams, including the "exotic team dynamics" that emerge when advanced AI (agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic) joins the team.

Conclusion



Human–AI team collaboration—also known as hybrid intelligence, human–machine teaming, or joint cognitive systems—is here. If you want your teams to thrive in this new frontier, Scott M. Graffius delivers the insights and actionable strategies to get you there. Invite him to speak at your conference or other event.

Complete an engagement request form or email Graffius today.




Bibliography



This is the bibliography for "Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI — Or Be Outplayed" talk. The session was informed by Graffius' first-hand work in leadership, AI, and teamwork tradecraft (including the
exotic team dynamics that emerge when advanced artificial intelligence collaborates as a teammate), and the following sources.





About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 23). Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI -- Or Be Outplayed. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/human-ai-teamwork-master-the-emergent-exotic-team-dynamics-or-be-outplayed.html




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-doi-lwres

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



Coming soon.




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Content Acknowledgements



Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • AI
  • Human-AI Teams
  • Exotic Team Dynamics
  • Future of Work
  • Leadership
  • Innovation
  • Agility
  • Public Speaker

  • #AI
  • #ExoticTeamDynamics
  • #FutureOfTeams
  • #HumanAICollaboration
  • #Innovation
  • #Leadership
  • #Agility
  • #PublicSpeaker




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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-copyright-lwres

Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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"Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius Now Featured on Grokipedia

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

agile-scrum-book-by-scott-m-graffius-featured-on-grokipedia---lwres





Agile Scrum Page on Grokipedia



Scott M. Graffius' first book,
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, now has a dedicated page on Grokipedia — xAI’s truth-seeking, AI-generated encyclopedia.

Grokipedia — part of a broader wave of AI-generated knowledge platforms that aim to aggregate and synthesize information at scale — has given Graffius' book a dedicated page, representing a meaningful form of recognition. This indicates that the book's practical, friendly approach to Scrum has earned a place in a growing, AI-curated knowledge base dedicated to making reliable information accessible to everyone.

Published in 2016,
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions provides clear, visual, step-by-step guidance for implementing Scrum, the most widely used Agile approach to the development and delivery of products and services. The 156-page book covers Scrum roles, events, artifacts, metrics, and more. It is designed to help teams deliver products in short cycles, adapt rapidly to change, accelerate time-to-market, and drive continuous improvement and innovation.

The book has been well received, earning an average rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars on Amazon (based on customer reviews at the time of writing), with praise for its clarity, organization, user-friendly tone, and helpful visuals. It has achieved notable success, including 17 first-place awards from prestigious programs such as the Beverly Hills Book Awards (Business and Technology categories), the London Book Festival (Business category), the Independent Press Award (Technology category), the National Indie Excellence Awards (Technology category), and others. It is a B.R.A.G. Medallion Honoree and has been recognized by BookAuthority as one of the top books on Agile. Content from the book has been quoted and cited in publications from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

This recognition from Grokipedia adds to Scott M. Graffius’ broader body of work — through which he has generated over $2.51 billion in business value for organizations across technology, entertainment, finance, healthcare, and other sectors — and underscores his continued commitment to helping individuals and teams achieve breakthrough results. The Grokipedia entry reflects the book's enduring relevance.

Explore the
Grokipedia page for Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions.

Learn more and view purchase options for
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions on Amazon.




Bibliography



Graffius, S. M. (2016).
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. CreateSpace.

Grokipedia. (n.d.). Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions (book). Grokipedia, accessed on March 23, 2026.
https://grokipedia.com/page/agile_scrum_your_quick_start_guide_with_step_by_step_instructions_(book)




About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 97 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles



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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 23). "Agile Scrum" by Scott M. Graffius Now Featured on Grokipedia. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/agile-scrum-book-by-scott-m-graffius-featured-on-grokipedia.html




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



Coming soon.




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Content Acknowledgements



Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions book by Scott M. Graffius is featured on Grokipedia.

Grokipedia name, mark, and content are the property of Grokipedia and/or X Corp.

This article includes limited excerpts of content from Grokipedia, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • Agile Scrum
  • Scott M. Graffius
  • Grokipedia
  • Project Management
  • Scrum Framework
  • Agile Methodology
  • Software Development

  • #AgileScrum
  • #Scrum
  • #Agile
  • #ProjectManagement
  • #Grokipedia
  • #AgileBook
  • #ScrumMaster




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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-copyright-lwres

Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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UNSW Aerospace Engineering Course Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

unsw-aerospace-course-features-phases-of-team-development-by-scott-m-graffius---lwres





Aerospace Design Course Features Graffius' Work on Teamwork Tradecraft



Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property on teamwork tradecraft was featured in coursework for AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2 at the University of South Wales (UNSW Sydney), a globally recognized research university known for its strength in engineering and technology. The course is part of the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, taught by Dr. Sonya A. Brown.

Excerpts are shown below.

unsw-aerospace-course-features-phases-of-team-development-by-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

About Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"



Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders can apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams.

It has been adopted and relied upon by esteemed organizations, such as Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Finland Government, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery, Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College), Microsoft, New Zealand Government, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, UCSD, Yale University, and many more.

In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI (agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic) collaborates as a teammate.
A visual from the current (2026) edition is shown below and details are here.

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres




About UNSW Sydney



The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) is a leading global research university based in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1949, it is a member of Australia’s Group of Eight coalition of research-intensive universities and is widely recognized for excellence in engineering, technology, business, and the sciences. UNSW enrolls tens of thousands of students from around the world and consistently ranks among the top universities globally.




About the Group of Eight Universities



The Group of Eight (Go8) is a coalition of Australia’s leading research-intensive universities. Established in 1999, the organization represents eight universities that collectively produce a substantial share of Australia’s university research output and receive a significant portion of competitive research funding. Go8 universities are widely recognized for their strong performance in global rankings, extensive international collaborations, and contributions to scientific, technological, and economic development.




About the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering



The School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at UNSW Sydney is one of Australia’s leading engineering schools. The school conducts research and education across various areas, including aerospace engineering, advanced manufacturing, robotics, energy systems, and mechanical design. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs that emphasize industry engagement, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the practical application of engineering principles to complex technological challenges.




About AERO4110 Course



AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2 is an advanced undergraduate aerospace engineering course offered through the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at UNSW Sydney. The course focuses on the design and development of aerospace systems, emphasizing engineering analysis, collaborative design processes, and the application of multidisciplinary principles to aerospace engineering projects.




About Instructor Dr. Sonya A. Brown



Dr. Sonya A. Brown is an academic in the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at UNSW Sydney. Her teaching includes aerospace engineering design courses such as AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2, where students apply engineering principles to complex aerospace design challenges in collaborative project environments.




Bibliography



Brown, S. A. (n.d.). Associate Professor Sonya Brown. UNSW Sydney.
https://www.unsw.edu.au/staff/sonya-brown

Graffius, S. M. (2021, January 4). Using Bruce Tuckman's Phases of Team Development to Help Your Team Grow and Advance: 2021 Update. ScottGraffius.com.
https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/team-21.html

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

Group of Eight. (n.d.). About the Group of Eight.
https://go8.edu.au/about

University of New South Wales. (n.d.). About UNSW Sydney.
https://www.unsw.edu.au/about-us

University of New South Wales. (2021). AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2: Course outline.
https://www.unsw.edu.au/engineering/sites/default/files/documents/AERO4110_CourseOutline_T2_2021_0.pdf

UNSW Sydney. (n.d.). School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering.
https://www.unsw.edu.au/engineering/our-schools/mechanical-and-manufacturing-engineering




About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 12). UNSW Aerospace Engineering Course Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development". ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/unsw-features-phases-of-team-development-by-scott-m-graffius.html




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



Coming soon.




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Content Acknowledgements



Scott M. Graffius' “Phases of Team Development” intellectual property on teamwork tradecraft was featured in coursework for AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2 at the University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), a globally recognized research university known for its strength in engineering and technology. The course is part of the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and was taught by Dr. Sonya A. Brown.

The respective coursework is the property of Dr. Sonya A. Brown and UNSW Sydney.

UNSW Sydney name, mark, and content are the property of UNSW Sydney.

This article includes limited excerpts of content from Dr. Sonya A. Brown and UNSW Sydney, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • Phases of Team Development
  • University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)
  • Team Dynamics, Development, and Leadership
  • Teamwork Tradecraft
  • AERO4110 Aerospace Design 2 at UNSW Sydney
  • School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

  • #TeamDevelopment
  • #BusinessSchool
  • #Leadership
  • #Innovation
  • #PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
  • #UNSW
  • #Aerospace




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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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Thinkers360 Honors Scott M. Graffius as a 2026 Top Agile Thought Leader

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

Thinkers360 Named Scott M Graffius a Top Thought Leader on Agile - March 2026 - lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 4). Thinkers360 Honors Scott M. Graffius as a 2026 Top Agile Thought Leader. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18793.15200





Agile Thought Leader and Influencer



Scott M. Graffius has earned recognition as a leading global thought leader and influencer on Agile in Thinkers360's 2026 annual ranking, which is determined by the platform's patented algorithm that measures impact through articles, books, speaking engagements, and other contributions. This accolade highlights his influential work in advancing Agile, AI-integrated project management, and high performing teams (both human and human-AI, including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic artificial intelligence collaborates as a teammate).

The honor reflects his dedication to providing actionable insights that empower organizations to thrive in the face of challenges and drive meaningful results. This achievement celebrates the vital role of thought leadership in evolving Agile methodologies and shaping successful outcomes worldwide.

Excerpts from Thinkers360 are shown below.

Thinkers360 Named Scott M Graffius a Top Thought Leader on Agile - March 2026 - excerpts - lwres

Next is the bibliography, which includes links to sources. It's followed by additional information on Thinkers360 and Graffius.




Bibliography



This is the select bibliography.

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Speaker. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Thought Leader. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/thoughtleaderandinfluencer.html

Graffius, S. M. (2016).
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. CreateSpace.

Graffius, S. M. (2019).
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change. CreateSpace.

Graffius, S. M. (2025).
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum. Amazon Digital Services.

Graffius, S. M. (2025, June 2). Meta and Anduril’s EagleEye and the Future of XR: How Gaming, AI, and Agile Are Transforming Defense. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26938.45766

Graffius, S. M. (2025, September 12). Scott M. Graffius’ Insights on AI, Agile, Gaming, XR, and Defense Transformation Cited by MSN in Their Coverage of Innovation and Leadership in the Sector. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27667.95527

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 13). Scott M. Graffius Contributed to and Reviewed the PMBOK Guide, 8th Edition — the Global Standard for Project Management. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25557.69601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Thinkers360. (2026, March 2). Congrats to the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Agile 2026! [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thinkers360_agile-thoughtleadership-influencers-activity-7434611000403718144-9iJK

Thinkers360. (2026, March 2). Top 50 global thought leaders and influencers on agile 2026. Thinkers360.
https://www.thinkers360.com/top-50-global-thought-leaders-and-influencers-on-agile-2026/

Additional content is available
here.




About Thinkers360



Thinkers360 is the world’s first, largest, and premier open platform for thought leaders and influencers. It covers academics, advisors, analysts, authors, consultants, executives, speakers, and others. The platform's approach to rating factors each candidate’s diverse contributions and content such as articles, books, media coverage, podcasts, social media, speaking events, videos, and more. Thinkers360 has over 100 million followers on social media combined.




About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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Actionable Insights. Global Impact. Scott M. Graffius.

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More articles are listed here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 4). Thinkers360 Honors Scott M. Graffius as a 2026 Top Agile Thought Leader. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18793.15200




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-doi-lwres

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18793.15200




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Content Acknowledgements



Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

This article includes brief excerpts from Thinkers360, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

Thinkers360 name and mark are the property of Thinkers360.




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  • Teamwork

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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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Agile's Journey Through the Decades: Update for 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

scott-m-graffius---agiles-journey-through-the-decades---v260303-lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 3). Agile's Journey Through the Decades: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15437.70883





Introduction



On February 21, 2025, Scott M. Graffius published "Agile's Journey Through the Decades" along with the "Agile's History, Visualized" infographic, chronicling key milestones in the evolution of Agile.

Fast-forward to March 3, 2026: the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the Agile Alliance jointly released the
Manifesto for Enterprise Agility. It’s a significant milestone that advances Agile. What started as practices focused on teams and individual projects now explicitly extends to the entire enterprise. The new manifesto provides a values-based foundation for scaling adaptability amid constant disruption and accelerating technological change.

It articulates four core enterprise-level values and supporting principles designed to help leaders bridge the persistent strategy-execution gap frequently cited by C-suite executives. The focus shifts from rigid plans and functional silos toward purpose-driven alignment, shared outcomes, and human-centric adaptability. Rather than prescribing a specific framework, it emphasizes leadership behaviors, decision-making guardrails, adaptive funding models, and decentralized authority. That enables organizations to become more resilient, responsive, and culturally agile.

This development elevates agility from a localized team or project practice to a strategic organizational capability, offering practitioners and executives a practical compass for embedding agility into culture, governance, operating models, and leadership itself.

In consideration of this milestone, which was timed closely with the 25th anniversary of the
Agile Manifesto (2001), Graffius has updated his original (2025) article, "Agile's Journey Through the Decades," and its companion infographic visual, "Agile's History, Visualized." This is the refreshed article, and the revised visual is shown below.




Agile Through the Decades



The 1950s

  • 1957: IBM began utilizing incremental development in software projects.
  • 1958: Software for Project Mercury, the United States’ first human spaceflight program, was developed in half-day iterations.

The 1960s

  • 1968: IBM’s Harlan Mills advocated for staged, incremental software development with continuous user involvement.

The 1970s

[Agile took a Disco Nap]

The 1980s

  • 1980: Toyota introduced visual control, a predecessor to Agile’s information radiators.
  • 1984: Leo Brodie described the concept of factoring, an early influence on code structuring.
  • 1985: Tom Gilb introduced the Evolutionary Delivery Model, an alternative to the Waterfall methodology.
  • 1986: The influential article "The New New Product Development Game" by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka was published in the Harvard Business Review, laying the groundwork for Scrum.
  • 1988: The timebox approach was central to DuPont’s Rapid Iterative Production Prototyping.

The 1990s

  • 1990: Bill Opdyke coined the term refactoring, which became fundamental in Agile software development.
  • 1991: James Martin described timeboxing and iterations, core components of Agile frameworks.
  • 1993:Jim Coplien introduced the stand-up meeting pattern. Scrum was first used as a process by Jeff Sutherland, John Scumniotales, and Jeff McKenna at Easel Corporation.
  • 1994: Alistair Cockburn advocated working in increments.
  • 1995: Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland co-presented Scrum.
  • 1997: Ken Schwaber described the daily Scrum.
  • 1998: The Chrysler Goes to Extremes case study detailed Extreme Programming (XP) practices like self-chosen tasks, three-week iterations, and pair programming.

The 2000s

  • 2000: Martin Fowler published an article defining continuous integration. Ken Schwaber introduced the burndown chart.
  • 2001: Seventeen software development experts—Kent Beck, Mike Beedle, Arie van Bennekum, Alistair Cockburn, Ward Cunningham, Martin Fowler, Robert C. Martin, Steve Mellor, Dave Thomas, James Grenning, Jim Highsmith, Andrew Hunt, Ron Jeffries, Jon Kern, Brian Marick, Ken Schwaber, and Jeff Sutherland—formulated the Manifesto for Agile Software Development, emphasizing individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change. Mary Poppendieck highlighted Agile’s similarities with Lean manufacturing. Alistair Cockburn coined the term information radiator.
  • 2005: Mike Cohn’s Agile Estimating and Planning introduced techniques such as Planning Poker.
  • 2008: Kane Mar formally described backlog grooming. Jeff Patton introduced story mapping.
  • 2009: The concept of DevOps emerged from John Allspaw and Paul Hammond’s talk on 10+ daily deployments, while Patrick Debois coined the term.

The 2010s

  • 2010: Dean Leffingwell and Drew Jemilo introduced the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), designed for enterprise-level Agile adoption.

The 2020s

  • 2026: Project Management Institute (PMI) and Agile Alliance jointly released the Manifesto for Enterprise Agility.




Conclusion



Agile has continually evolved, proving its resilience and relevance across industries. It adapts to new challenges and innovations. And its core principles of collaboration, flexibility, and continuous improvement remain as vital as ever.

Scott M. Graffius developed a related infographic, "Agile's History, Visualized." The visual is shown below, and a high-resolution PDF of it is
here.

scott-m-graffius--agiles-history-visualized-v26030307-lwres




Bibliography



Graffius, S. M. (2025, February 21). Agile's Journey Through the Decades. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/agile's-journey-through-the-decades.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, February 23). Agile's Journey Through the Decades [LinkedIn article]. LinkedIn.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/agiles-journey-through-decades-scott-m-graffius-rifdc/

Le Manh, P. [@pierre-le-manh-3a4158]. (2025, March 3). Today PMI Agile Alliance is publishing the Manifesto for Enterprise Agility… [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn.
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/pierre-le-manh-3a4158_enterprise-agile-manifesto-short-activity-7434459656221167616-Xdhj

Project Management Institute. (2026, March 3).
Manifesto for Enterprise Agility. Project Management Institute (PMI). https://www.pmi.org/learning/agile/manifesto-for-enterprise-agility




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-about-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius



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Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

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Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

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Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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"Agile Protocol" and the Power of Satire, Parody, and Humor

AI in Agile: Benefits, Risks, Outlook

Hostinger Highlights Scott M. Graffius’ “Agile Protocol” Book in Feature on Software Projects

French Ministry of Culture Links to Scott M. Graffius Research in Their Guide for Responsible Digital Communication

National Science Foundation’s LTER Network Features Scott M. Graffius’ Phases of Team Development IP

Waterfall vs. Agile: What’s Fixed, What’s Flexible, and Why It Matters

Scott M. Graffius Delivering $2.3 Billion in Value Through AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Leadership

The Problem with Heroes in Agile

The 3 Vital Rules of Science: What They Are and Why They Matter

“Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum” Lands on the Amazon Best Sellers List!

Scott M. Graffius Recognized as a Top Thought Leader in Digital Disruption by Thinkers360

“Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum” by Scott M. Graffius Crashes the Book Scene with Satirical Firepower

NCKU in Taiwan Integrates Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' into Its Curriculum

The Art and Science of Aligning Initiatives with Strategic Objectives

RGPV University Adds Scott M. Graffius’ "Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions" to Its Syllabus

Introducing ‘Engage or Fade: Decoding the Half-Life of Digital Resonance’ – A New Talk by Scott M. Graffius

Dropbox Company (Nira) Taps into Scott M. Graffius’ Expertise in Strategic Planning

Reporting Errors in a Publication: A Case Study on ‘Frontiers in Public Health’

NESEA Conference Session on Innovation Highlights Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development'

U.S. Soccer Scores with Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property on Teamwork

U.S. Department of Commerce Partner (IEDC) Features Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property

How Long Do Your Posts Live? AI Critiques Scott M. Graffius’ Research on the Half-Life of Social Media

Agile's Journey Through the Decades

Scott M. Graffius' Role in Advancing Project Management Institute (PMI) Standards Excellence

Most Valuable IT Certifications: Update for 2025

The PMI + Agile Alliance Merger: A Recipe for Success?

When Agile, AI, and Strategic Thinking Converge

Scott M. Graffius’ Phases of Team Development: 2025 Update

Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2025

Verizon Features Scott M. Graffius

Do Not Read This Article! An Exploration of the Streisand Effect and Other Phenomena

Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' was Spotlighted in Journal of Neurosurgery

Pinterest Japan Uses Graffius’ Research on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Hochschule Coburg (Coburg University) Germany Uses Scott M. Graffius’ Phases of Team Development IP in Coursework on Agile Development

Wild World of Team Dynamics [Updated Two-Minute Video]

EU Europass Teacher Academy Features Scott M. Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ in Leadership Training

Side-by-Side Comparison of Retrospectives and Hot Washes

Constructor University 2024 Advanced Software Technology Handbook References Scott M. Graffius' Work on Team Dynamics

Strategies for Medical Team Success Featured Scott M. Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ Intellectual Property

SBG Neumark — Europe’s Largest Distribution Transformer Plant — Powers Up with Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property

Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property was Employed by the NHS — the Largest Single-Payer Healthcare System in Europe

Luxury Unwrapped: The Ultimate Holiday Gift Guide for Every Budget

Singapore Institute of Technology Features Work of Scott M. Graffius

Tufts University Features Scott M. Graffius 'Phases of Team Development' Intellectual Property

'Cat Herders': Retelling the Massive Success Story

Pennsylvania State Agency Used Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property

Copyright Infringement in a Book Published by AuthorHouse / Author Solutions / The Najafi Companies: Publisher Fails to Respond or Take Required Action

Pinterest Inc. References Scott M. Graffius’ Research

Bournemouth University Used Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property

‘Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators’ Violates Scott M. Graffius’ Copyright

Japan Backlog User Group Event Featured Scott M. Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’

TurningWest's 'Trial'

Radio Silence from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons on Report of Blatant Plagiarism in Their ‘Journal of Neurosurgery’ Publication

Supplement to Graffius' 'Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts' Research: Typical Engagement Distribution Pattern for Social Media Posts

How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms

Thinkers360 Named Scott M. Graffius a Top Thought Leader on Agile

More articles are listed here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 3). Agile's Journey Through the Decades: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15437.70883




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-doi-lwres

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15437.70883




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Content Acknowledgements



Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • Agile’s Journey Through the Decades
  • Agile Transformation
  • Innovation
  • Agile Culture
  • Manifesto for Enterprise Agility
  • Agile Manifesto
  • Infographic of Agile’s History

  • #Agile
  • #Agility
  • #AgileTransformation
  • #AgileManifesto
  • #ManifestoForEnterpriseAgility
  • #AgileCulture
  • #AgileHistory
  • #AgileMilestones
  • #AgileVisual
  • #AgileProjectManagement
  • #ProjectManagement
  • #ScrumMaster
  • #ProductOwner
  • #AgileCoach




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-notes-lwres

Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

3 March 2026

This article was published on 3 March 2026. Post-publication, the same day, here's a note:

"
Many individuals and organizations have made valuable contributions to Agile. This article highlights select major milestones and is not intended to be an exhaustive list." already appears on the graphic, "Agile's History, Visualized."

In the next edition of this article (tentative date: 2027), that text will appear on the visual and also in the body of the article.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-copyright-lwres

Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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BMC Software Features Content from Scott M. Graffius' Book

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

bmc-software-features-content-from-scott-m-graffius-book-lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 27). BMC Software Features Content from Scott M. Graffius' Book. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11243.40489





Metrics Drive Clarity, Accountability, and Results



When a global enterprise software company quotes a publication to emphasize an important point, it signals authority and broad market relevance. BMC's article, "Software Quality Metrics Explained," features content from the award-winning book
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions by Scott M. Graffius (technical editors: Chris Hare and Colin Giffen). BMC highlighted the following excerpt from Agile Scrum: "If you don’t collect any metrics, you’re flying blind. If you collect and focus on too many, they may be obstructing your field of view." An excerpt rom BMC's article is shown below.

bmc-software-features-content-from-scott-m-graffius-book-excerpts-lwres

The passage is about the danger of operating without metrics and the equal danger of being overwhelmed by too many. It captures a tension that organizations of every size wrestle with. Seeing that insight applied in the context of enterprise-scale technology reinforces that effective metrics are essential for all organizations—whether Agile or otherwise—seeking clarity, performance, and better decision-making.

See the bibliography for details including links.




About the Award-Winning Agile Scrum Book



Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive. There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.

With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions,
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps you:

  • Implement and use the most popular Agile framework―Scrum.
  • Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement.
  • Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is for those interested or involved in innovation, project management, product development, software development or technology management. It's for those who have not yet used Scrum. It's also for people already using Scrum, in roles such as Product Owners, Scrum Masters, Development Team members (business analysts, solution and system architects, designers, developers, testers, etc.), customers, end users, agile coaches, executives, managers, and other stakeholders. For those already using Scrum, this guide can serve as a reference on practices for consideration and potential adaptation.




About BMC Software



BMC Software is a U.S.-based multinational enterprise IT software and services company founded in 1980 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States. It specializes in AI-driven infrastructure management, automation, workflow orchestration, IT service management (ITSM), and mainframe operations software, helping large organizations streamline and accelerate digital transformation across hybrid cloud environments. BMC’s portfolio includes flagship offerings such as Control-M for workload automation and mainframe transformation solutions. It serves over 10,000 global customers, with 80% of the Forbes Global 100 relying on its solutions, reflecting its deep reach and influence among the world’s largest enterprises. The company is widely recognized by industry analysts and customers alike for leadership in service orchestration and automation platforms, earning top rankings in Gartner and other independent evaluations that underscore its reputation for innovation and reliability in complex enterprise IT environments.




Bibliography



Graffius, S. M. (2016).
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. North Charleston, South Carolina: CreateSpace.

Watts, S. (2020, April 21). Software quality metrics explained. BMC Software.
https://www.bmc.com/blogs/software-quality-metrics/




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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-about-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius



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Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

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Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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More articles are listed here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 27). BMC Software Features Content from Scott M. Graffius' Book. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11243.40489




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11243.40489




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Content Acknowledgements



BMC’s article "Software Quality Metrics Explained" highlights content from the award-winning book Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions by Scott M. Graffius (technical editors: Chris Hare and Colin Giffen).

BMC name, mark, and content are the property of BMC Software, Inc.

This article uses limited excerpts from BMC’s respective material, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

Graffius’
Agile Scrum book is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • BMC Software
  • Software Quality Metrics Explained
  • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions
  • Scott M. Graffius
  • Technology
  • Quote on Metrics

  • #BMC
  • #Software
  • #Agile
  • #Scrum
  • #AgileScrumGuide
  • #Metrics
  • #SoftwareQuality
  • #SoftwareQualityMetrics
  • #Tech
  • #Technology
  • #MetricsQuote
  • #QuoteOnMetrics




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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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Peer-Reviewed Journal Cited Work of Scott M. Graffius

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

peer-reviewed-journal-cited-work-of-scott-m-graffius---frontiers-in-public-health---lwres





Temporal Engagement Across Digital Networks



Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on temporal dynamics across social media platforms. His widely recognized "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—takes a data-driven look at a question marketers and creators constantly ask: How long does a post matter? The study measures the half-life of engagement—the point at which a post has received half of its total interactions (e.g., likes, shares, comments, etc.). That simple but powerful metric provides practical guidance. By understanding post half-life, professionals can make smarter decisions about when—and how often—to publish content.

The work has been cited by Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Marketing in the Metaverse, Ministère de la Culture, Pinterest, Inc., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, and many others—underscoring its rigor, clarity, and ongoing relevance in digital informatics.

A visual from the now-current (2026) edition is shown below and details are available
here.

stacks-image-da87ec0

Frontiers References Scott M. Graffius' Research



Frontiers in Public Health—a highly cited multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal—was added to the list of organizations featuring Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media" work. Excerpts are shown below.

peer-reviewed-journal-cited-work-of-scott-m-graffius---frontiers-in-public-health---excerpts-lwres

See the bibliography for details including links.

About Frontiers in Public Health Journal



Frontiers in Public Health is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed open-access journal published online by Frontiers Media that advances research across the full spectrum of public health, including epidemiology, health policy, environmental health, and community interventions. It employs a rigorous peer review process and is indexed in major scholarly databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science Social Science Citation Index. As an open-access platform, it aims to disseminate high-quality research globally to researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike, contributing to public health knowledge and practice.




Bibliography



Alomair, N., Alkhaldi, G., Alsadhan, N. M., Alkasabi, R., & Alageel, S. (2024). Public perceptions of digital mental health awareness campaign in the Arab Gulf states: A qualitative thematic analysis.
Frontiers in Public Health, 12, Article 1477315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1477315

Frontiers Media SA. (n.d.). Frontiers | Publisher of peer-reviewed articles in open access journals.
https://www.frontiersin.org/

Frontiers Media S.A. (n.d.). Frontiers in Public Health. Frontiers.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-about-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 20). Peer-Reviewed Journal Cited Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com.
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/peer-reviewed-frontiers-in-public-health-journal-cited-work-of-scott-m-graffius.html




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



Coming soon




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-ackn-lwres

Content Acknowledgements



Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Scott M. Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research was cited in a peer-reviewed paper published in
Frontiers in Public Health.

The paper ("Public perceptions of digital mental health awareness campaign in the Arab Gulf states: a qualitative thematic analysis") is © copyright the authors (Noura Alomair, Ghadah Alkhaldi, Norah M. Alsadhan, Rawan Alkasabi, and Samah Alageel), published by Frontiers Media S.A.

Frontiers and
Frontiers in Public Health name, mark, and content are the property of Frontiers Media S.A.

Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is copyright © Scott M. Graffius.

This article uses limited excerpts from the respective content, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.





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Tags and Hashtags



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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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University of Waterloo Features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in Course Materials

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

university-of-waterloo-features-graffius-phases-of-team-development-in-2026---lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 175). University of Waterloo Features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in Course Materials. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23551.88482






Computer Science Course Features Graffius' Work



The University of Waterloo features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" material on teamwork tradecraft in its Computer Science course - CS 346. Excerpts are shown below.

university-of-waterloo-features-graffius-phases-of-team-development-in-2026---excerpts-lwres

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"



Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders can apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams.

It has been adopted and relied upon by esteemed organizations, such as Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Finland Government, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery, Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College), Microsoft, New Zealand Government, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, UCSD, Yale University, and many more.

In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI (agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic) collaborates as a teammate.
A visual from the current (2026) edition is shown below and details are here.

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres




Bibliography



Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

University of Waterloo. (2026). Home | University of Waterloo. https://uwaterloo.ca/

University of Waterloo. (2026). Teamwork. CS 346 Winter 2026: Best practices. https://student.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~cs346/1261/reference/best-practices/teamwork/




About the University of Waterloo



The University of Waterloo is a leading research-intensive public university in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, known globally for its innovation, entrepreneurship, and experiential learning. Founded in 1957 with a focus on co-operative education, Waterloo has grown from a small engineering school into a vibrant institution of more than 42,000 students and a network of over 260,000 alumni in 160 countries, attracting world-class scholars across disciplines. Its hallmark co-op program — the largest of its kind — blends academic study with real-world work experience through partnerships with thousands of employers, giving students a competitive edge in the job market. Waterloo also fosters cutting-edge research excellence, from quantum computing and nanotechnology to interdisciplinary environments addressing global challenges. Today, Waterloo continues to build on its strengths in research, co-op education, and innovation.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-about-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 97 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 96 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Scott-M-Graffius-Phases-Of-Team-Development-2026-Update-v26010307G2-jpg-lwres

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles



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scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-cite-lwres

How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 175). University of Waterloo Features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in Course Materials. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23551.88482




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-doi-lwres

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23551.88482




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-ackn-lwres

Content Acknowledgements



University of Waterloo features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property on teamwork tradecraft in Computer Science course - CS 346.

This article includes limited excerpts of content from the University of Waterloo, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

University of Waterloo name, mark, and content are the property of the University of Waterloo.

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-tags-hashtags-lwres

Tags and Hashtags



  • Phases of Team Development
  • Scott M. Graffius
  • University of Waterloo
  • Computer Science Course
  • Team Dynamics, Development, and Leadership
  • Teamwork Tradecraft
  • Innovation

  • #TeamDevelopment
  • #ComputerScience
  • #Leadership
  • #Innovation
  • #PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
  • #Innovation
  • #Teamwork




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-notes-lwres

Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-copyright-lwres

Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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Perplexity Standalone Article on AI Hallucinations Cites Research by Scott M. Graffius

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

perplexity-standalone-article-on-ai-cites-research-by-graffius---header-visual-lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 15). Perplexity Standalone Article on AI Hallucinations Cites Research by Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16840.99847






Perplexity Standalone Article on AI Cites Graffius' Work



Founded in 2022, Perplexity is an AI-powered search and conversational answer platform designed to streamline information discovery by delivering concise, up-to-date responses grounded in web data and supported with citations.

Perplexity also publishes standalone articles on specific topics. It included Scott M. Graffius' research—"
Are AI Hallucinations Getting Better or Worse? We Analyzed the Data"—among the sources cited in its standalone article on the subject. Excerpts are shown below.

perplexity-standalone-article-on-ai-cites-research-by-graffius---excerpts-lwres

Details including links are in the Bibliography section.




More About Perplexity



Perplexity consistently ranks among the top 10 most popular generative AI tools based on web traffic and usage, and within the top 5 among AI search/chat assistants (Business Insider, 2025; DataStudios, 2025; Dotdesh, 2025; Liu & Wang, 2024; Similarweb, 2025; TwinStrata, 2025).




Bibliography



Business Insider. (2025, October 8). Sam Altman touts ChatGPT’s 800 million weekly users, double all its main competitors combined. BusinessInsider.com. https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-users-openai-sam-altman-devday-llm-artificial-intelligence-2025-10

DataStudios. (2025). Global ranking of the most popular AI chatbots by usage. DataStudios.org. https://www.datastudios.org/post/global-ranking-of-the-most-popular-ai-chatbots-by-usage

Dotdesh. (2025). 65 most popular AI tools ranked. Dotdesh.com. https://www.dotdesh.com/65-most-popular-ai-tools-ranked-october-2025/

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 7). Are AI Hallucinations Getting Better or Worse? We Analyzed the Data. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33179.53285

Liu, Y., & Wang, H. (2024). Ranked: The most popular generative AI tools in 2024. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-the-most-popular-generative-ai-tools-in-2024/

Perplexity (2026, February 12). Study Finds Celebrated AI Model Guesses Answers, Lacks Cognition. Perplexity AI stand-alone article. https://www.perplexity.ai/page/experts-say-ai-lacks-true-huma-JfKEeQvcRhCddq0tgTAiMw

Similarweb. (2025). Top AI tools: Most used Gen‑AI in August 2025. https://www.similarweb.com/blog/marketing/seo/most-used-ai/

TwinStrata. (2025). Perplexity AI statistics 2026: Key data and trends. TwinStrata.com. https://www.twinstrata.com/perplexity-ai-statistics/




scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-about-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius



scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 97 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.


International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.
Graffius has conducted 96 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is
here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • BMC Software,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
  • Computer Weekly,
  • Constructor University - Germany,
  • Data Governance Success,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Dropbox,
  • EU's European Commission,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Gartner,
  • GoDaddy,
  • Harvard Medical School,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
  • IEEE,
  • Innovation Project Management,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • Lam Research (Semiconductors),
  • Leadership Worthy,
  • Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Microsoft,
  • MSN,
  • NASSCOM,
  • National Academy of Sciences,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Pinterest Inc.,
  • Project Management Institute,
  • Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
  • SANS Institute,
  • SBG Neumark - Germany,
  • Singapore Institute of Technology,
  • Torrens University - Australia,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Tufts University,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway - Ireland,
  • US Department of Energy,
  • US National Park Service,
  • US Soccer,
  • US Tennis Association,
  • Verizon,
  • Wrike,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

  • Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
  • The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
  • The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are
here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

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Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

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Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

  • Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
  • Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
  • Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
  • Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
  • Project Management Professional (PMP),
  • Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
  • IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books


Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.




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How to Cite This Article



Graffius, S. M. (2026, February 15). Perplexity Standalone Article on AI Hallucinations Cites Research by Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16840.99847




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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)



https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16840.99847




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Content Acknowledgements



Perplexity is a generative AI search tool that produces conversational answers with citations. It also publishes standalone articles on specific topics. Perplexity cited Scott M. Graffius' "Are AI Hallucinations Getting Better or Worse? We Analyzed the Data" research among its sources for its "Study Finds Celebrated AI Model Guesses Answers, Lacks Cognition" publication.

This piece uses limited excerpts from the respective Perplexity content, attributed to Perplexity and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

Perplexity name, mark, and content are the property of Perplexity AI, Inc. or its affiliates or licensors.

Graffius' content is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.




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Tags and Hashtags



  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • AI Hallucinations
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  • Scott M. Graffius
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  • #AI
  • #AIHallucinations
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  • #ArtificialIntelligence
  • #AIEthics
  • #GenerativeAI
  • #AIResearch
  • #TechTrends




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Post-Publication Notes



If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.




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Copyright



Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.






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