AI Governance Initiative Cites Scott M. Graffius Research on AI Hallucinations

05 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

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The Problem That Won't Go Away

Organizations deploying generative AI encounter the jarring problem of incorrect outputs. Not vague, not incomplete — wrong. A fabricated citation. A materially misquoted regulation. A fictitious financial figure. These are AI hallucinations — one of the most persistent and consequential issues in modern AI.

AI hallucinations can cause reputational harm, erosion of trust, and other serious consequences for organizations. For publicly traded companies and those in regulated industries — such as healthcare, finance, government — the risks also include compliance breaches.

Research That's Driving the Governance Conversation

That is why the question Scott M. Graffius set out to answer matters so much.

Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in business value through leadership in AI, Agile, and project, program, portfolio, and enterprise PMO management. He is a highly cited authority across those areas, which includes AI, the "exotic team dynamics" that emerge when advanced artificial intelligence collaborates as a teammate, and more.

One question has garnered significant attention:

Are AI hallucinations improving or worsening?

Graffius' article, "Are AI Hallucinations Getting Better or Worse? We Analyzed the Data," takes a rigorous, objective, evidence-based look at hallucination rates and trends. It moves beyond anecdotes and assumptions to examine what the data show.

The answer, it turns out, is more nuanced than optimists or skeptics tend to acknowledge. And that nuance — that hallucinations are declining on constrained, grounded tasks while surging on complex reasoning and open-ended factual recall — is exactly what has made the research valuable to governance practitioners endeavoring to establish reliable AI solutions.

Graffius' respective work has since been cited across multiple publications. Select examples follow. The References section of this article provides details, including links to each publication.

Agenda Digitale.
AIUnpacking.
Asky.
BuzzStream.
COMPAiSS. (Two publications.)
Cottrill Research.
FlowEdge.
Grokipedia.
Laughman AI.
LoudScale.
LSS4Managers.
Mental Momentum AI.
Perplexity.
Scintilena.
Seopedia.
Swizero.
And more.

The list includes two publications from the Canadian AI governance initiative, COMPAiSS. Those are noteworthy because they reflect growing attention to AI accountability, reliability, and governance alongside AI capability.

COMPAiSS: Building the Case for Governed AI

COMPAiSS is an AI governance initiative built specifically for environments where errors carry real consequences. Its focus areas — higher education, healthcare, government, and professional organizations — share a common thread: the cost of an AI mistake is not just inconvenient, it is potentially harmful, liable, or irreversible.

Its framework rests on the premise that AI systems deployed in regulated settings must prioritize controlled, auditable behavior over unconstrained generation. Where most AI discourse centers on capability (what the model can do), COMPAiSS redirects attention to accountability (what the model should do), and what happens when it doesn't.

That means a strong emphasis on reliability, traceability, bounded outputs, and clear accountability in AI-assisted decision-making. It is a framework designed not for experimentation, but for institutional deployment where predictability is non-negotiable.

Among its published work is "Hallucinations by Design: A Cross-Model Assessment of How Major AI Consulting Firms Advise Clients to Manage Generative AI Errors," which analyzes how major organizations — including Deloitte, PwC, KPMG, and Microsoft — approach hallucination mitigation in practice. Graffius' research on hallucination trends serves as a cited foundation in that analysis, grounding its findings in independent, empirical data. A companion publication, "Breaking Out of the Matrix," extends that work into the governance constraints of AI systems and the risks posed by unconstrained generative models in institutional settings — and draws on Graffius' work there as well.

Together, these publications reflect COMPAiSS' conviction that controlled inference and auditability are not optional features — they are prerequisites for responsible AI in high-stakes environments.

Why Independent Research Shapes Governance Frameworks

Governance frameworks do not emerge from a vacuum. They are built on evidence: on empirical research that documents the actual performance of AI systems, including where they fail, and how those failures change over time. Independent researchers who investigate these questions provide the kind of foundational insight that institutional frameworks need to be credible. That is the gap that work like Graffius' helps fill.

Conclusion: Getting AI Right Requires More Than Getting It Working

The conversation around AI hallucinations is ongoing and intensifying as deployments deepen and the margin for error narrows. What's becoming clear is that responsible AI adoption requires more than technical capability. It requires governance infrastructure, accountability mechanisms, and a shared body of research to draw from.

This also points to a broader shift underway in enterprise AI: away from unconstrained generative models deployed on enthusiasm, and toward governed, auditable systems built for institutional accountability. The organizations leading that shift are not simply adopting AI — they are architecting the conditions under which AI can be trusted, drawing on the collective work of researchers, practitioners, and governance architects. The inclusion of Graffius' research in COMPAiSS reflects that broader effort to build AI systems that organizations can trust.

AI's promise gets it in the door. Quality, reliability, and governance are what keep it there.

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References

Agenda Digitale. (2026, May 6). L’AI può aiutare a studiare, ma solo se insegna a ragionare. https://www.agendadigitale.eu/scuola-digitale/lai-puo-aiutare-a-studiare-ma-solo-se-insegna-a-ragionare/
AIUnpacking. (2026, April 15). How to Avoid AI Hallucinations: A Practical 2026 Checklist. https://aiunpacking.com/blog/how-to-avoid-ai-hallucinations/
Asky. (2026, May 26). Navigating AI perception challenges in social marketing. https://askylabs.com/learn/social-and-brand-signal-amplification/ai-perception-challenges-social-marketing
BuzzStream. (2026, April 8). Do Americans Use AI for News? https://www.buzzstream.com/blog/ai-news-usage/
COMPAiSS. (n.d.). Hallucination rates [PDF]. https://compaiss.ca/assets/hallucination_rates-fr.pdf
COMPAiSS. (2026, May). Breaking out of the matrix (Version 3.2) [PDF]. https://compaiss.ca/assets/breaking_out_of_the_matrix_v3_2.pdf
Cottrill Research. (n.d.). AI Hallucination Benchmark Resources Added to Index Collection. https://cottrillresearch.com/ai-hallucination-benchmark-resources-added-to-index-collection/
FlowEdge. (2026, March 13). AI Tools: ChatGPT Limitations as an AI Proposal Writer. https://getflowedge.com/ai-tools/chatgpt-limitations-as-an-ai-proposal-writer/
Graffius, S. M. (2025, June 17). PMI’s Infinity AI Gets the Basics of Team Development Alarmingly and Repeatedly Wrong. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32957.93927
Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 7). Are AI Hallucinations Getting Better or Worse? We Analyzed the Data. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33179.53285 [COMPAiSS lists it in French as: Graffius S.M. (2026). Les hallucinations de l'IA s'améliorent-elles ou s'aggravent-elles? Nous avons analysé les données. DOI : 10.13140/RG.2.2.33179.53285.]
Grokipedia. (n.d.). ChatGPT. https://grokipedia.com/page/ChatGPT
Ha, D. (2026, May 2). AI Hallucinations Risk in LLM Lifecycle [LinkedIn post]. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dannyhaprofile_aihallucinations-aigovernance-llmrisk-activity-7456485913309810688-bfcI/
Laughman AI. (2026, May 16). 知能のブリーダー：人間とAIの存在論的境界、そして自律進化するデジタル生態系の夜明け. https://note.com/betaitohuman/n/n32c36b9890c2
LoudScale. (2026, February 15). How to Fact-Check AI Content Before Publishing (2026). https://loudscale.com/blog/fact-check-ai-content-before-publishing/
LSS4Managers. (2026, February 27). How to Detect AI Hallucinations? A Way to Deal with Fake Data! https://lss4managers.com/jak-wykryc-halucynacje-ai-sposob-na-falszywe-dane/
Mental Momentum AI. (n.d.). How Could AI Change Scientific Discovery? 5 Scenarios. https://research.mental-momentum.ai/r/how-ai-could-change-scientific-discovery-rh80aj
Perplexity. (2026, February 12). Study Finds Celebrated AI Model Guesses Answers, Lacks Cognition. Perplexity AI stand-alone article. https://www.perplexity.ai/page/experts-say-ai-lacks-true-huma-JfKEeQvcRhCddq0tgTAiMw
Scintilena. (2026, May 1). Perché le AI Generative Falliscono in Geografia: Errori di Localizzazione, Prossimità e Allucinazioni. https://www.scintilena.com/perche-le-ai-generative-falliscono-in-geografia-errori-di-localizzazione-prossimita-e-allucinazioni/05/01/
Seopedia. (n.d.). Que es un RAG en IA (Retrieval-Augmented Generation). https://seopedia.es/blog/que-es-un-rag-en-ia/
Swizero. (2026, March 28). Your AI Email Assistant Saves 40% But 77% Feel Busier. https://www.swizero.com/blog/how-ai-email-assistants-actually-work
Walczak, T. (2026, February 26). Jak Wykryć Halucynacje AI? Sposób na Fałszywe Dane! [LinkedIn post]. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/jak-wykry%C4%87-halucynacje-ai-spos%C3%B3b-na-fa%C5%82szywe-dane-walczak--ynluf/

About COMPAiSS

COMPAiSS is a Canada-based AI governance initiative focused on institutional environments where accuracy, accountability, and policy fidelity are non-negotiable. Rather than treating AI as a general-purpose generative system, COMPAiSS is designed for regulated settings such as universities, healthcare systems, government agencies, and professional bodies, where information must be delivered strictly within authorized institutional boundaries. Its architecture emphasizes execution-gated inference — meaning AI responses are only generated when a question falls within defined scope and when authoritative institutional sources are available to support an answer. In contrast to conventional “generate-then-filter” AI systems, COMPAiSS positions authorization as a prerequisite to inference, aiming to reduce hallucinations by preventing unsupported generation at the source. The initiative’s work is positioned within a broader effort to reframe AI not just as a productivity tool, but as a governed institutional system aligned with compliance, auditability, and operational risk management.

About Scott M. Graffius

scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

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Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

scott-m-graffius-lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2026-summary-visual-v26012207-jpg-lwres

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

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List of Additional Articles

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How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 5). AI Governance Initiative Cites Scott M. Graffius Research on AI Hallucinations. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/ai-governance-initiative-uses-graffius-research.html

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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

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Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

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#Agile
#AI
#AIGovernance
#AIHallucinations
#AIReliability
#AISafety
#ArtificialIntelligence
#Auditability
#COMPAiSS
#Compliance
#DigitalTransformation
#EmergingTech
#EnterpriseAI
#GenerativeAI
#Governance
#LLM
#MachineLearning
#ModelRisk
#PMO
#ProjectManagement
#ResponsibleAI
#RiskManagement
#TechGovernance
#TrustInAI
#TrustworthyAI

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Agile • AI • AI Governance • AI Hallucinations • AI Reliability • COMPAiSS • Enterprise AI • Generative AI • Responsible AI • Scott M. Graffius • Technology • Do AI Hallucinations Improve or Worsen Over Time? We Analyzed the Data • Project Management • Machine Learning • Institutional Accountability • Governance Frameworks

Scott M. Graffius Contributed to the Agile Practice Guide - Second Edition

03 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

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The Agile Practice Guide stands as one of the most influential resources in project management and organizational agility. Developed through a collaboration between the Project Management Institute (PMI) and Agile Alliance, it was designed to help practitioners understand and apply agile, hybrid, and adaptive approaches across industries and organizational contexts.

The guide addresses agile principles, delivery life cycles, team dynamics, leadership, organizational culture, and methods for tailoring approaches to varying degrees of uncertainty and complexity. By integrating agile concepts with broader project management disciplines, it offers a flexible, pragmatic framework for improving responsiveness, collaboration, value delivery, and outcomes.

Now, building on the reach and impact of the original, the forthcoming Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition (scheduled for release July 27, 2026) expands and modernizes that guidance for today's rapidly evolving business and technology landscape. The new edition reflects emerging trends, broader applications of agility, and situational guidance to help practitioners tailor approaches more effectively across varying contexts and organizational environments. It is available here.

That kind of expanded scope requires professionals who bring both deep expertise and broad cross-industry experience. Scott M. Graffius fits that profile. A recognized authority on project management and agile delivery, he contributed to the Second Edition, as shown in the visual at the top of this article and below. His involvement reflects a pattern of sustained contribution to the profession's most consequential published standards.

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Graffius has worked on six PMI industry standards and guidance publications in total:

Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Read on to learn more about the PMI, the Agile Alliance, and Graffius.

About the Project Management Institute

The Project Management Institute (PMI) is the leading global association for project management professionals. Founded in 1969, PMI advances the profession through research, standards development, education, and certification. Its Project Management Professional (PMP) credential is recognized worldwide as the benchmark for project management expertise. Through its global network, PMI connects practitioners, elevates shared knowledge, and champions the strategic value of effective project leadership across industries. Visit the PMI website at https://www.pmi.org to learn more.

About the Agile Alliance

Founded in 2001 by the authors of the Agile Manifesto, the Agile Alliance is dedicated to advancing agile software development principles and practices — with an emphasis on collaboration, customer focus, and adaptability. The organization supports its community through conferences, resources, and local groups. In 2025, the Agile Alliance joined the Project Management Institute, deepening the integration of agile and traditional project management practices and expanding opportunities for professionals worldwide. Visit the Agile Alliance website at https://agilealliance.org to learn more.

Bibliography/References

Agile Alliance. (n.d.). https://agilealliance.org/

Graffius, S. M. (2025, February 12). Scott M. Graffius' Role in Advancing Project Management Institute (PMI) Standards Excellence. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scott-m-graffius-role-in-advancing-project-management-institute-(pmi)-standards.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 13). Scott M. Graffius Contributed to and Reviewed the PMBOK Guide, 8th Edition — the Global Standard for Project Management. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25557.69601

Project Management Institute. (n.d.). https://www.pmi.org

Project Management Institute. (2006). Practice standard for work breakdown structures (2nd ed.). Project Management Institute.

Project Management Institute. (2017). The standard for program management (4th ed.). Project Management Institute.

Project Management Institute. (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide) (6th ed.). Project Management Institute.

Project Management Institute. (2019). The practice standard for project estimating (2nd ed.). Project Management Institute.

Project Management Institute. (2026). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide) (8th ed.). Project Management Institute.

Project Management Institute. (2026). Agile practice guide (2nd ed.). Project Management Institute.

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 3). Scott M. Graffius Contributed to the Agile Practice Guide - Second Edition. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scott-m-graffius-contributed-to-agile-practice-guide-second-edition.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Scott M. Graffius contributed to the Agile Practice Guide - Second Edition. Project Management Institute (PMI) and Agile Alliance names, marks, and content are the property of PMI and Agile Alliance. This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

#Agile
#AgileAlliance
#AgilePracticeGuide
#Agility
#EnterpriseAgility
#Leadership
#ProjectManagement
#ProjectManagementInstitute

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Agile • Agile Project Management • Agile Alliance • Agility • Enterprise agility • Leadership • project management • Project Management Institute • PMI • Agile Practice Guide • Agile Practice Guide - Second Edition •

Scott M. Graffius Generated Over $2.51 Billion in Business Value for Fortune 500 Companies and Other Organizations

27 May 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

scott-m-graffius-generated-over-2-51-billion-dollars-in-business-value---lwres

Introduction

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader, researcher, award-winning author, and international public speaker whose work sits at the intersection of AI, Agile, and project, program, portfolio, and enterprise PMO leadership. Graffius has spearheaded initiatives that have generated over $2.51 billion in business value for Fortune 500 companies and other organizations spanning technology, entertainment and media, financial services, healthcare, social media, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, and media outlets use Graffius and his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Innovation Project Management, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections highlight his experience, leadership, contributions, research, and enduring influence across industries and institutions worldwide.

scott_m_graffius_-_blue_-_1000x1000_-lwres

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and enterprise PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment and media, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Additional information is on LinkedIn.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Graffius' first book, Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, earned 17 awards. It provides a practical, step-by-step guide to Scrum, enabling teams to deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement—which supports innovation and drives competitive advantage.

Paperback ISBN-13: 9781533370242
Kindle ASIN: B01FZ0JIIY

Additional information on Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is here.

His second book, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority. It tells the compelling story of an entertainment company's agile transformation—offering lessons that apply across industries.

Paperback ISBN-13: 9781072447962
Kindle ASIN: B07R9LJLPJ

Additional information on Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change is here.

Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, is his third book—and his first work of fiction.

It's a fast-paced satirical story by that dismantles corporate Agile cosplay and other forms of "fake Agile" while delivering practical insights, actionable guidance, and proven practices for real-world Agile transformation success.

Packed with humor, quirky characters, sharp commentary on corporate culture and workplace absurdities, and actionable tips, it’s a must-read for Scrum Masters, Product Owners, Agile Coaches, Agile Project Managers, and other professionals interested in Agile project management and enterprise agility.

Kindle ASIN: B0F2SJ83WT
Audible ASIN: B0DJG163R5

Additional information on Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum is here.

Agile Protocol - sq - v260427-top9G-IG lwres

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on technology (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and enterprise PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops.

Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BCG,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)—Sixth Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)—Eighth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned and highly-cited authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development.

First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams.

nsdm-publication-by-nsa-raum-referenced-work-by-graffius-on-team-development---2026-refresh-IG-lwres

nsdm-publication-by-nsa-raum-referenced-work-by-graffius-on-team-development---2026-refresh-IG-lwres

Its adoption by esteemed organizations—such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others—highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence.

In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development." The 2026 edition is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems.

Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture, Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Booking

If your organization wants to elevate teamwork, innovation, and results, contact Scott M. Graffius. For speaking engagements, use the request form. For other inquiries, email Scott.

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, May 27). Scott M. Graffius Generated Over $2.51 Billion in Business Value for Fortune 500 Companies and Other Organizations. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scott-m-graffius-generated-over-2-51-billion-dollars-in-business-value.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

#AILeadership
#AgileMindset
#AgileTransformation
#BusinessValue
#DigitalTransformation
#EnterpriseSuccess
#ExoticTeamDynamics
#Fortune500
#HumanAICollaboration
#InnovationLeadership
#LeadershipDevelopment
#PMO
#PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
#ProjectManagement
#ScottMGraffius
#Speaker
#Author

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Scott M Graffius • Organizational Performance • AI Leadership • Team Development • Pubic Speaker • Project Management • PMO Leadership • Phases of Team Development • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts • Human AI Collaboration • Fortune 500 Success • Exotic Team Dynamics • Enterprise Agility • Award-Winning Author • Agile Transformation

Government of Canada Features Research by Scott M. Graffius

17 April 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

government-of-canada-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius-v2-lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 17). Government of Canada Features Research by Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/government-of-canada-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius.html

Government of Canada Foreign Interference Commission, Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions, and Summary Report and Its Use of Graffius' Research

In September 2023, the Government of Canada established the Foreign Interference Commission. This body was created to investigate concerns about foreign interference in the country’s democratic processes. Led by Commissioner Marie-Josée Hogue, the Commission functions as a fact-finding and advisory group. Its purpose is to examine evidence, hold public hearings, and produce reports that assess threats and recommend measures to strengthen electoral integrity and public confidence. It carries out this mandate in phases, culminating in published findings and recommendations for government action.

The Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions is the Commission's formal inquiry. Its charter directs the Commissioner to investigate and assess alleged interference by foreign states or actors, evaluate its impact on Canada’s general elections, and review how government officials and agencies handled information about threats. It also examines the capacity of federal institutions to detect, deter, and respond to foreign interference, including protections for vulnerable communities and the effectiveness of existing safeguards. More broadly, the inquiry aims to enhance transparency, reinforce trust in democratic institutions, and provide recommendations to better protect Canada’s electoral system.

The Summary Report: Disinformation, Digital Space, and Democratic Processes, authored by Vivek Krishnamurthy and published on the Foreign Interference Commission's website, examines the challenges of identifying, evaluating, and responding to misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation in contemporary digital environments. It explores issues of scale, intent, moderation error, and regulatory responses, with particular attention to implications for democratic systems.

The Summary Report cites Scott M. Graffius’ "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research. However, the Summary Report materially mischaracterizes this work. Citations can readily create an impression of alignment or endorsement where none exists—particularly for readers who do not scrutinize the underlying research in detail. To maintain the integrity of his work and prevent misunderstanding, Graffius proactively provides the following objective, evidence-based assessment of the Summary Report, including its use of his research.

Graffius does not endorse the Summary Report.

Critical Analysis of Summary Report, Including Its Use of Graffius' Research

1. Mischaracterization of "Engagement" as "Views."

In social media and digital marketing, views and engagement represent distinct metrics that serve different purposes in understanding audience behavior. A view is a measure of exposure. It’s a passive metric about reach or visibility rather than interaction. Engagement, by contrast, captures active participation, tracking when a user interacts with content through actions such as liking, commenting, or sharing a post. Tracking engagement offers a deeper insight into how compelling or resonant the content is to its audience.

Some social media research tracks views—the mere display of content. By contrast, engagement (such as likes, shares, comments) measures impact. For those distinctions, Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research analyzes engagement. Although the Summary Report cites this research, it misrepresents it as measuring views, incorrectly describing it as “the time by which half of its audience has seen it.” In doing so, the report conflates engagement with views. This misrepresentation constitutes a material analytical error that undermines the accuracy of the report’s interpretation and the reliability of its conclusions.

Excerpts from the Summary Report are shown below.

government-of-canada-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

government-of-canada-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

The Summary Report cited the 2024 edition of Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts." For context, a visual from it is shown below.

-scott-m-graffius---lifespan-halflife-of-social-media-posts---infographic-visual---2024-edition---v-23122407---jpg-1000x570

Details—including a link to it, the Summary Report, and more—are in the bibliography section of this article.

Additionally, because this article is written in 2026, a visual from the current (2026) edition of Graffius’ respective work is also provided below for completeness and contemporaneous context. The 2026 edition stands out for its:

◾️ Scope (5.6 million posts),
◾️ Coverage (11 platforms),
◾️ Methodology (multi-source, representative, data-driven),
◾️ Continuity (annual updates), and
◾️ Value (actionable insights).

Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" has been correctly used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, media outlets, and others around the world. Select examples include Community and Public Health Education Methods, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne), Frontiers in Public Health, GoDaddy, IEEE, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Marketing in the Metaverse, Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth, The Ministère de la Culture (The French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., Podcasting Strategy Show, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Strategic Business Research, Telecommunications Policy, Xavier Degraux, and many more.

2. Overgeneralization of Half-Life.

Graffius' research notes, "the half-life of posts varies by social media platform," and that point is clearly demonstrated by the data. Here are select examples from the respective (2024) edition of Graffius' research:

The average half-life of engagement on X (formerly Twitter) is 43 minutes.
The average half-life of engagement on Facebook is 76 minutes (equivalent to 1.27 hours).
The average half-life of engagement on Instagram is 1,185 minutes (equivalent to 19.75 hours).
The average half-life of engagement on YouTube is 12,717 minutes (equivalent to 211.95 hours or 8.83 days)
The average half-life of engagement on Pinterest is 164,518 minutes (equivalent to 2,741.97 hours or 114.25 days or 3.76 months).

However, the Summary Report states: "Social media content’s 'half-life'—the time by which half of its audience has seen it—is measured in hours if not minutes, creating a narrow window for proactive action." That does not clearly acknowledge platform-specific variation. Additionally, the report’s characterization compresses heterogeneous dynamics into an unjustified generalization. As a result, the report’s assumptions and conclusions rest on a flawed analytical foundation.

3. Conceptual Ambiguity in MDM Classification.

The Summary Report acknowledges the difficulty of distinguishing misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation (MDM). However, its proposed framework introduces several limitations. The top three follow. First, it implies a continuum of truth that may obscure categorical distinctions. Second, it does not operationalize how classifications should be made in practice. And third, it relies heavily on intent, which the report itself admits is often difficult or impossible to determine.

The result is a framework that is descriptive but operationally underdeveloped. Those factors limit its applicability in real-world moderation, policy, or research contexts.

4. Unresolved Tradeoffs and Limited Empirical Basis for Interventions.

The Summary Report highlights the inherent tension between minimizing moderation errors and addressing the harms at scale. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding false positives while also advocating for proactive intervention.

But it does not provide a clear, evidence-based framework for navigating this tradeoff. Minimizing false positives implies restraint, while proactive moderation requires action under uncertainty. The report identifies this dilemma but leaves it unresolved.

At the same time, the report advances several policy recommendations—including increased data access, risk-based regulation, A/B testing of interventions, and design-based solutions. While directionally reasonable, these proposals have limited empirical substantiation.

The report acknowledges a lack of robust evidence on what interventions are most effective, yet it recommends approaches without an evidentiary foundation. This results in a normative bias toward action without a corresponding analytical framework to evaluate effectiveness, weakening the overall guidance.

Conclusion

The Summary Report provides an overview of the challenges associated with misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation in digital environments. However, it exhibits several significant issues and limitations, including:

A material mischaracterization of cited research (views vs. engagement);
Overgeneralization of respective social media dynamics;
Conceptual ambiguity in the classification of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation; and
An unresolved tradeoff between intervention and accuracy, coupled with limited empirical support for proposed solutions.

The identified deficiencies materially undermine the report’s validity, reliability, and evidentiary foundation. Accordingly, the Summary Report's analysis, conclusions, and recommendations should be treated with caution.

Bibliography

Canada (Government of Canada) (n.d.). Foreign Interference Commission. https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/

Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 1). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2024. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21043.60965

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Krishnamurthy, V. (2024, October 30). Summary Report: Disinformation, Digital Space, and Democratic Processes. Foreign Interference Commission. Public Inquiry Into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions. https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/foreign_interference_commission/Documents/Policy_Consultation_Documents/Summaries/3_KRISHNAMURTHY-Summary_Report.pdf

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 17). Government of Canada Features Research by Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/government-of-canada-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

The Government of Canada established the Foreign Interference Commission to investigate concerns about foreign interference in the country’s democratic processes.

The Summary Report: Disinformation, Digital Space, and Democratic Processes, authored by Vivek Krishnamurthy and published on the Foreign Interference Commission's website, examines the challenges of identifying, evaluating, and responding to misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation in contemporary digital environments.

The Summary Report cites Scott M. Graffius’ "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research.

All names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Foreign Interference Commission (and its Public Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions) names and marks are the property of the Government of Canada.

The Summary Report is the property of its author.

This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

"Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Tags and Hashtags

Government of Canada
Canadian Government
Disinformation, Misinformation, and Malinformation
Social Media Metrics
Digital Governance
Foreign Interference
Electoral Integrity
Research Integrity
Content Moderation
Data Misinterpretation
Public Policy Analysis
Foreign Interference Commission
Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts
Scott M. Graffius
Summary Report: Disinformation, Digital Space, and Democratic Processes

#Canada
#Government
#Disinformation
#Misinformation
#DigitalGovernance
#SocialMedia
#SocialMediaResearch
#DataIntegrity
#ResearchMatters
#ContentModeration
#ElectionIntegrity
#PolicyAnalysis
#InfoDisorder
#DigitalPolicy
#ForeignInterferenceCommission

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Government of Canada • Canadian Government • Social Media Metrics • Digital Governance • Scott M. Graffius • Summary Report: Disinformation, Digital Space, and Democratic Processes • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts • Foreign Interference Commission • Public Policy Analysis • Data Misinterpretation • Content Moderation • Research Integrity • Electoral Integrity • Disinformation, Misinformation, and Malinformation

"Strategic Business Research" Journal Cites Work of Scott M. Graffius

15 April 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

strategic-business-research-journal-cites-work-of-scott-m-graffius---lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 15). "Strategic Business Research" Journal Cites Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/strategic-business-research-journal-cites-work-of-scott-m-graffius.html

Graffius' Work Referenced in Scientific Journal Published by Elsevier

Scott M. Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in business value through leadership in AI, Agile, and project, program, portfolio, and enterprise PMO management. His expertise includes the teamwork tradecraft of human and human-AI teams, including the "exotic team dynamics" that emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate. He is also widely recognized for his research on temporal patterns in social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

Graffius and his work have been used and featured by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, and others around the world. Strategic Business Research (SBR), published by Elsevier, was added to the list.

The SBR paper, "Effect of video marketing, blogging and infographics on digital brand engagement" by W. Manyanga and P. Pillay, cites Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research.

His respective research has also been cited by École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne), Frontiers in Public Health, GoDaddy, IEEE Access, Marketing in the Metaverse, Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth, Metricool, The Ministère de la Culture (The French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), and many more. The use highlights its utility and value.

Excerpts from the SBR paper are shown below.

strategic-business-research-journal-cites-work-of-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

strategic-business-research-journal-cites-work-of-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

The SBR paper cited the 2024 edition of Graffius' work. A visual from the current (2026) edition is shown below, and details are available here.

stacks-image-da87ec0

Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" has been used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, media outlets, and others around the world. Examples include Community and Public Health Education Methods: A Practical Guide, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne), Frontiers in Public Health, GoDaddy, IEEE, Marketing in the Metaverse, Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth, The Ministère de la Culture (The French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., Podcasting Strategy Show, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Strategic Business Research, Telecommunications Policy, and many more.

Links to the 2024 and 2026 editions of Graffius' respective work are in the bibliography section of this article.

About the Journal

Strategic Business Research (SBR) is a double-blind anonymized peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to the full spectrum of business and management disciplines.

About the Publisher

Elsevier is a leading global publisher and provider of information analytics, serving the science, technology, and health communities with trusted, peer-reviewed research and decision-support tools. For more than 140 years, it has helped researchers, clinicians, educators, and institutions advance knowledge, improve health outcomes, and drive innovation worldwide through its extensive portfolio of journals, books, and digital platforms such as ScienceDirect and Scopus. Elsevier emphasizes quality, integrity, and collaboration in scholarly communication and continually develops technology-enhanced solutions to support research and discovery.

Bibliography

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Scott M. Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in value through AI, Agile, and advanced project, program, portfolio, and PMO leadership. https://scottgraffius.com/

Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 1). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2024. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21043.60965

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human–AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18048.49921

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

Manyanga, W., & Pillay, P. (2026). Effect of video marketing, blogging and infographics on digital brand engagement: Evidence from the banking sector in Zimbabwe. Strategic Business Research, 2(1), Article 100116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbr.2026.100116

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 15). "Strategic Business Research" Journal Cites Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/strategic-business-research-journal-cites-work-of-scott-m-graffius.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Strategic Business Research (SBR) is a double-blind anonymized peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to the full spectrum of business and management disciplines. It’s published by Elsevier.

The SBR paper, "Effect of video marketing, blogging and infographics on digital brand engagement" by W. Manyanga and P. Pillay, cites the "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research by Scott M. Graffius.

The SBR paper is the property of the authors.

Elsevier and SBR names and marks are the property of Elsevier.

This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

"Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

#Research
#DigitalEngagement
#HalfLifeOfSocialMedia
#LifespanOfSocialMedia
#BrandEngagement
#SocialMediaResearch
#SocialMediaEngagement
#StrategicBusinessResearch
#Elsevier
#Science
#ScienceDirect

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Research • Elsevier • Strategic Business Research journal • Social Media Engagement • Brand Engagement • ScienceDirect • Scott M. Graffius • Science, Technology, and Health • Lifespan of Social Media Posts • Digital Engagement • Half-Life of Social Media Posts

IEEE Access Publication Features Scott M. Graffius’ Research on the Half-Life of Social Media

13 April 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

ieee-access-publication-features-scott-m-graffius-research-on-halflife-of-social-media---lwres

Introduction

Scott M. Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in business value through leadership in AI, Agile, and project, program, portfolio, and enterprise PMO management. His expertise includes the teamwork tradecraft of human and human-AI teams—published in his "Phases of Team Development" and related works—including the "exotic team dynamics" that emerge when advanced artificial intelligence collaborates as a teammate. He is also widely recognized for his research on temporal patterns in social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

Graffius and his work have been used and featured by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, and others around the world. The list includes the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

The IEEE is the world's largest professional organization advancing innovation and technological excellence for the benefit of humanity. IEEE and its members inspire a global community to innovate for a better tomorrow through its highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities. IEEE is the trusted "voice" for engineering, computing, and technology information around the world.

Two IEEE publications have referenced Graffius' work.

The first was an IEEE scientific paper published in 2023, "Exploring the Dynamics of Team Formation in Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaboration." It referenced and discussed Graffius’ "Phases of Team Development" work. The second—the main focus for the balance of this article—is an IEEE scientific paper published in 2026. Details follow.

2026 IEEE Publication Cited Graffius' Research on the Half-Life of Social Media

IEEE Access is a multidisciplinary, fully open-access journal, presenting the results of original research or development in science and technology across all IEEE fields of interest. It is indexed in major scholarly databases and is widely cited across disciplines.

The IEEE Access paper, "A pipeline-based framework with a multi-modal feature vector to predict life span of news tweets" by Nagehan Ilhan, cites Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research. Relevant excerpts are shown below. This citation reflects growing academic interest in quantifying attention decay in social media and underscores the practical relevance of Graffius’ half-life model in predictive analytics.

ieee-access-publication-features-scott-m-graffius-research-on-halflife-of-social-media---excerpts-lwres

The paper cited the 2024 edition of Graffius' work. A visual from the current (2026) edition is shown below, and details are available here.

stacks-image-da87ec0

Links to the 2024 and 2026 editions of Graffius' respective work are in the bibliography section of this article.

Bibliography

Alfateh, M. A. A., Messaadia, M., & Ali, M. (2023, September). Exploring the Dynamics of Team Formation in Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaboration. In: 2023 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA), 384-388. DOI: 10.1109/DASA59624.2023.10286788.

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Scott M. Graffius helps organizations unlock breakthrough performance and generate billions in value through AI, Agile, and advanced project, program, portfolio, and PMO leadership. https://scottgraffius.com/

Graffius, S. M. (2023, October 27). IEEE Xplore Publication Featured Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Work. ScottGraffius.com. https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/ieee-xplore.html

Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 1). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2024. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21043.60965

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human–AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18048.49921

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

IEEE. (n.d.). IEEE. Advancing technology for humanity. https://www.ieee.org/

Ilhan, N. (2026). A pipeline-based framework with a multi-modal feature vector to predict life span of news tweets. IEEE Access, 14, 40448–40468. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3672718

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

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List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 13). IEEE Access Publication Features Scott M. Graffius' Research on the Half-Life of Social Media. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/ieee-access-publication-features-scott-m-graffius-research-on-halflife-of-social-media.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

The IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

IEEE Access is a multidisciplinary, fully open access journal, presenting the results of original research or development in science and technology across all IEEE fields of interest.

The IEEE Access paper, "A pipeline-based framework with a multi-modal feature vector to predict life span of news tweets" by Nagehan Ilhan, cites the "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research by Scott M. Graffius.

The paper is the property of the author.

IEEE and IEEE Access names and marks are the property of the IEEE.

This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

"Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

#IEEE
#IEEEAccess
#SocialMedia
#SocialMediaResearch
#TweetLifespan
#TweetHalfLife
#NewsDiffusion
#InformationDissemination
#HalfLifeOfEngagement

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: IEEE Access • Social Media Research • Scott M. Graffius • Advancing technology for humanity • Tweet Lifespan • Tweet HalfLife • News Diffusion • Half-Life of Engagement • Information Dissemination • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts

The Agile Coach: 2026 Edition

07 April 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

scott-m-graffius-agile-coach-2026-infographic---lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 7). The Agile Coach: 2026 Edition. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/agile-coach-2026.html

Introduction

Demand for Agile continues to surge across industries, driven by the need for faster innovation, greater adaptability, and customer-centric delivery in complex and volatile markets. Recent market analyses project strong growth in Agile practices, tools, and transformation services well into the next decade.

"Thriving in today’s marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more Agile." —Scott M. Graffius, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

"Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive. Traditional development and delivery frameworks, such as waterfall, are often ineffective. In contrast, Scrum is a value-driven agile approach that incorporates adjustments based on regular and repeated customer and stakeholder feedback. Scrum’s built-in rapid response to change leads to substantial benefits such as fast time-to-market, higher satisfaction, and continuous improvement—which supports innovation and drives competitive advantage." —Scott M. Graffius, Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Traditional waterfall approaches often struggle with rapidly shifting customer expectations and accelerating change. In contrast, Agile frameworks like Scrum emphasize value delivery through short iterative cycles, continuous stakeholder feedback, and built-in adaptability. The results include faster time-to-market, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and sustained competitive advantage.

While the benefits of Agile are clear, successful adoption or scaling is rarely straightforward. It demands cultural shifts, mindset changes, and expert guidance. This is where Agile Coaches prove indispensable. Research shows they significantly increase the likelihood of success in Agile transformations by providing skilled facilitation, alignment, and sustainable change support.

Some might describe the Agile Coach role simply as "an individual who coaches agile teams." Such a definition is circular and limiting. A more comprehensive understanding of the role reveals the full breadth and depth of its impact:

"The individual is an agile expert who provides guidance for new agile implementations as well as existing agile teams. The Agile Coach is experienced in employing agile techniques in different environments and has successfully run diverse agile projects. The individual builds and maintains relationships with everyone involved, coaches individuals, trains groups, and facilitates interactive workshops. The Agile Coach is typically from outside the organization, and the role may be temporary or permanent." —Scott M. Graffius, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

To encapsulate the full breadth and depth of the role, Scott M. Graffius created "The Agile Coach"—a visual model first introduced in 2019 and regularly updated. The 2026 edition appears at the top of this article. It distills the values, guiding principles, focus areas, tools, and activities that define high-impact Agile coaching today.

This article explores the Agile Coach role further, offering practical examples, strategies, and actionable insights for Agile Coaches and the organizations they serve—now extending into the emerging era of human-AI collaboration.

The Agile Coach Infographic (2026 Edition)

Graffius' The Agile Coach highlights five interconnected elements:

Values: Respect, courage, focus, openness, and commitment.
Guiding Principles: Collaboration, technical excellence, transparency, continuous improvement, simplicity, fast and frequent delivery, and high satisfaction.
Focus Areas: Company, divisions or segments, products and services, tribes/squads/teams, and individuals.
Tools: Data collection and analysis, visualization, context-appropriate best techniques, and feedback mechanisms.
Activities: Coaching, teaching, facilitating, mentoring, and team-building (human and human-AI teams).

These five elements work together to drive meaningful, sustainable transformation. Specifics follow.

Values, Guiding Principles, Focus Areas, Tools, and Activities

Values form the essential foundation. Agile Coaches model and instill:

Respect: Valuing diverse perspectives and contributions.
Courage: Being data-driven, challenging assumptions, and acting with integrity.
Focus: Prioritizing work that delivers maximum value.
Openness: Embracing transparency about progress and challenges.
Commitment: Dedicating effort to shared success.

Guiding Principles translate values into action:

Collaboration across roles and levels.
Technical excellence for maintainable, scalable outcomes.
Transparency to build trust.
Continuous improvement through reflection and adaptation.
Simplicity — achieving objectives with minimal waste.
Fast and frequent delivery of working increments.
High satisfaction for both customers/users and the people delivering the work.

Focus Areas ensure balanced impact across the organization:

Company-wide: Aligning initiatives with strategic objectives.
Division/Segment/Department: Extending Agile practices for greater efficiency and cross-functional collaboration.
Product/Service: Refining vision, roadmaps, and prioritization to maximize customer value.
Tribe/Squad/Team: Building self-organizing groups with strong communication and psychological safety.
Individuals: Supporting the personal and professional growth of individuals.

Tools equip teams to succeed independently:

Data collection and analysis (velocity, cycle time, quality metrics).
Visualization aids such as Kanban boards and burndown charts.
Context-specific best techniques (e.g., user story mapping, test-driven development).
Structured feedback loops.

Activities often overlap in practice:

Coaching: Partnering with individuals and teams to unlock personal and professional potential using technical, business, and change management expertise.
Teaching: Building specific knowledge and skills.
Facilitating: Guiding groups toward solutions and decisions.
Mentoring: Sharing experience to accelerate growth.
Team-Building: Strengthening relationships, trust, and collaboration among members of a group, designed to improve cohesion and overall team performance. Spans human and human-AI teams.

The Agile Coach as a Change Agent

Agile Coaches serve as catalysts for deeper cultural transformation, bridging legacy structures with Agile’s collaborative, adaptive ethos.

They promote open communication to break down silos, empower self-organizing teams to own decisions and outcomes, address resistance to change with empathy and clear benefits, and cultivate a culture of experimentation and continuous improvement.

That responsibility is now expanding into a new frontier—one defined by human-AI collaboration. The future of work is increasingly defined by human-AI teams, in which advanced artificial intelligence (agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic) serves as a collaborative teammate rather than a simple tool.

When such AI joins the team, novel "exotic team dynamics" emerge: inverse decision logic, superposition roles, entangled decision-making, and emergent protocols. These patterns go beyond traditional human-only teamwork and require new approaches to trust, communication, role clarity, and performance.

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" addresses both human teams and human-AI teams. This update equips leaders and coaches with practical insights for navigating these exotic dynamics while preserving the foundational principles of high-performance collaboration.

Forward-looking Agile Coaches are uniquely positioned to help organizations integrate these realities—ensuring that AI amplifies human strengths, mitigates the risk of misalignment, and unlocks greater collective potential in hybrid environments.

The glossary and bibliography sections of this article provide additional information.

Conclusion

For organizations seeking to adopt Agile, mature their practices, or transform their ways of working, investing in a skilled Agile Coach can be beneficial. These professionals bring deep expertise, objectivity, and momentum—aligning Agile practices with business goals while building resilient, innovative cultures.

What sets exceptional Agile Coaches apart is their adaptability to each organization’s unique context—whether optimizing traditional teams, scaling Agile enterprise-wide, or guiding the shift toward human-AI collaboration. They deliver clarity amid complexity and drive sustained results.

Elite Agile Coaches can play a pivotal role in helping organizations navigate the complexities of exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI. By investing in these professional, leaders unlock greater innovation, stronger collaboration, empowered teams, and lasting competitive advantage in an era of rapid technological and organizational change.

If you want your teams and organization to thrive in this new frontier, Scott M. Graffius delivers the insights and actionable strategies to get you there. Complete an engagement request form or email Graffius today.

Glossary

Glossary of Agile Coach Terms

A

Agile
An iterative, incremental approach to delivering products and services that emphasizes adaptability, collaboration, customer value, and responsiveness to change. Agile contrasts with linear, plan-driven methodologies by prioritizing continuous feedback, rapid delivery cycles, and evolving requirements.

Agile Coach
"The individual is an agile expert who provides guidance for new agile implementations as well as existing agile teams. The Agile Coach is experienced in employing agile techniques in different environments and has successfully run diverse agile projects. The individual builds and maintains relationships with everyone involved, coaches individuals, trains groups, and facilitates interactive workshops. The Agile Coach is typically from outside the organization, and the role may be temporary or permanent." —Scott M. Graffius, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

Agile Coaching
A collaborative, developmental process through which an Agile Coach helps others improve performance, adopt Agile mindsets, and achieve organizational outcomes. It blends behavioral coaching, technical guidance, and organizational change practices.

Agile Environment
A working context where Agile values and principles are applied. It typically includes iterative development cycles, cross-functional collaboration, continuous feedback loops, and adaptive planning.

Agile Events (Ceremonies)
Structured, recurring meetings that support Agile processes. Examples include Sprint Planning, Daily Stand-Up, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective. These events promote alignment, transparency, and continuous improvement.

Agile Process Tools
Frameworks and artifacts used to implement Agile practices, such as Scrum boards, Kanban systems, backlogs, and sprint artifacts.

Agile Transformation
The process of transitioning an organization from traditional ways of working to Agile practices. It involves changes to culture, processes, structures, leadership, and mindset.

B

Best Techniques (Agile Techniques)
A collection of proven practices used in Agile environments, such as pair programming, test-driven development (TDD), and user story mapping. Agile Coaches help teams select techniques appropriate to their context.

Burndown Chart
A visual representation showing the amount of work remaining versus time. It is used to track progress within a sprint or project and identify deviations from planned delivery.

C

Change Agent
An individual who drives and facilitates organizational change. Agile Coaches act as change agents by promoting Agile adoption, addressing resistance, and enabling cultural transformation.

Collaboration
A guiding principle emphasizing teamwork, shared responsibility, and collective problem-solving. It involves stakeholders working together toward common goals.

Commitment
A core Agile value reflecting dedication to goals, responsibilities, and team success. It involves accountability and follow-through.

Continuous Improvement
An ongoing effort to enhance processes, products, and performance through incremental changes, experimentation, and learning.

Coaching
A developmental activity focused on helping individuals or teams unlock their potential. It involves asking questions, providing feedback, and guiding self-discovery rather than prescribing solutions.

Courage
An Agile value representing the willingness to challenge norms, speak up, and make difficult decisions in pursuit of better outcomes.

Cycle Time
The total time it takes to complete a unit of work from start to finish. It is a key metric for assessing efficiency in Agile systems.

D

Daily Stand-Up Meeting
A short, time-boxed meeting where team members share progress, plans, and impediments. It supports alignment and transparency.

Data Collection and Analysis
The practice of gathering and interpreting metrics (e.g., velocity, cycle time, defect rates) to inform decision-making and continuous improvement.

Defect Rate
A metric indicating the number of defects in a product. It helps assess quality and identify areas for improvement.

Division/Segment/Department
Organizational units below the company level. Agile Coaches may apply Agile principles across these units to improve performance and collaboration.

E

Empowering Teams
Enabling teams to make decisions, take ownership, and be accountable for outcomes. It is central to developing self-organizing teams.

Exotic Team Dynamics
Coined by Scott M. Graffius, exotic team dynamics describes the novel, emergent patterns arising when humans and advanced AI function as teammates rather than in just a user-tool relationship. It highlights four physics-inspired characteristics: inverse decision logic, superposition roles, entangled decision-making, and emergent protocols. These reflect multidimensional cognitive-computational exchanges, non-linear effects, and the complexities introduced by agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic AI. Graffius integrated it into the 2026 edition of his Phases of Team Development material. Organizations mastering these dynamics gain advantages in adaptability, speed, and complex problem-solving by intentionally shaping trust, roles, and collaboration norms in human-AI environments. See Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update to learn more.

F

Facilitating
Guiding groups through structured processes to reach decisions, solve problems, or achieve outcomes. The facilitator remains neutral and focuses on enabling participation.

Fast and Frequent Delivery
An Agile principle emphasizing short development cycles and regular delivery of working products or features.

Feedback
Constructive input used to improve performance and outcomes. Agile emphasizes continuous feedback from team members and stakeholders.

Focus
An Agile value emphasizing prioritization and clarity. It ensures effort is directed toward delivering maximum value.

Focus Areas
The different organizational levels Agile Coaches engage with, including company, department, product, team, and individuals.

H

High Satisfaction
An Agile principle focused on delivering value that meets or exceeds customer expectations while also supporting team satisfaction.

Human-AI Teams
See Exotic Team Dynamics.

I

Information Radiators
Visual displays (e.g., dashboards, boards) that provide real-time information about project status and performance.

Inspect and Learn
A practice of reviewing outcomes, reflecting on performance, and applying insights to improve future work.

K

Kanban Board
A visual workflow management tool that displays work items and their progress through stages.

M

Mentoring
A developmental activity where experienced individuals share knowledge and guidance to support others’ growth.

Metrics
Quantitative measures (e.g., velocity, cycle time) used to assess performance and guide decision-making.

O

Openness
An Agile value promoting transparency, honesty, and willingness to share information.

Organizational Culture
The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors within an organization. Agile Coaches influence culture to support collaboration and adaptability.

P

Pair Programming
A technique where two developers work together at one workstation, improving code quality and knowledge sharing.

Product/Service
The offering delivered to customers. Agile Coaches help teams align work with product vision and user needs.

Product Roadmap
A strategic plan outlining the direction and evolution of a product over time.

Product Vision
A high-level description of the product’s purpose and goals.

Psychological Safety
An environment where individuals feel safe to express ideas, take risks, and provide feedback without fear of negative consequences.

R

Respect
An Agile value emphasizing appreciation for diverse perspectives and contributions.

Resistance to Change
The natural opposition individuals or groups may have toward new ways of working. Agile Coaches help manage and reduce this resistance.

S

Self-Organizing Teams
Teams that manage their own work, make decisions, and organize tasks without centralized control.

Self-Managing Teams
Teams that take responsibility for both execution and management of their work.

Simplicity
An Agile principle focused on maximizing value by minimizing complexity (as appropriate) and unnecessary work.

Sprint Planning
An event where the team defines the work to be completed in the upcoming sprint.

Sprint Retrospective
A meeting to reflect on the previous sprint and identify improvements.

Sprint Review
A session where completed work is demonstrated to stakeholders for feedback.

Stakeholders
Individuals or groups with an interest in the outcome of a project or product.

T

Teaching
The act of instructing others in knowledge and skills, often in structured formats like workshops or training sessions.

Technical Excellence
A principle emphasizing high-quality, maintainable, and scalable solutions.

Team Building
See Exotic Team Dynamics.

Team Dynamics
The patterns of interaction, communication, and collaboration within a team.

Teams
See Exotic Team Dynamics.

Transparency
An Agile principle promoting open communication and visibility into work and processes.

Tribe / Squad / Team
Different terms for groups of individuals working collaboratively, often used in scaled Agile frameworks.

U

User Needs
The requirements, expectations, and preferences of end users that guide product development.

User Stories
Short, simple descriptions of features from the user’s perspective, used to guide development.

V

Values (Agile Values)
Core beliefs that guide behavior and decision-making in Agile environments: respect, courage, focus, openness, and commitment.

Velocity
A metric representing the amount of work a team completes in a sprint, used for planning and forecasting.

Visualization Tools
Tools that present work and progress visually, improving understanding and communication.

W

Workshops
Interactive sessions designed to teach concepts, solve problems, or align stakeholders through participation.

Y

Yielding Value
Delivering outcomes that provide measurable benefit to customers/users and the organization.

Bibliography

Adkins, L. (2010). Coaching Agile Teams: A Companion for ScrumMasters, Agile Coaches, and Project Managers in Transition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley Professional.

Agile Alliance. (2022, March). Code of Ethical Conduct for Agile Coaching (Version 2.0). https://www.agilealliance.org/agile-coaching-code-of-ethical-conduct/

Agile Alliance. (2025, August 7). Shape the future of agility at scale — together [Community initiative]. https://agilealliance.org/shape-the-future-of-agility-at-scale-together/

CFO South Africa. (2021, August 19). Agile Leadership Unlocked [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJZiitw5tHo&t=359s

Dikert, K., Paasivaara, M., & Lassenius, C. (2016). Challenges and success factors for large-scale agile transformations: A systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software, 119, 87–108.

Ganesh, N., & Thangasamy, S. (2012). Lessons learned in transforming from traditional to agile development. Journal of Computer Science, 8(3), 389–392.

Global Insight. (2025, August 27). Agile methodology market size, growth, trends and forecast. Global Insight Services. https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/agile-methodology-market/

Graffius, S. M. (2016). Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace.

Graffius, S. M. (2018, October 18). Agile Scrum helps innovators, disruptors, and entrepreneurs develop and deliver products at astounding speed which drives competitive advantage [Presentation]. Techstars Startup Week Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25009.12647

Graffius, S. M. (2019). Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace.

Graffius, S. M. (2020). Definition of agile culture. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11170.35521

Graffius, S. M. (2021, February 20). But first, the team! [Presentation]. DevConf.CZ 2021 Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29016.72964

Graffius, S. M. (2021, May 13). But first, the team! [Presentation]. DevOps Pro Europe 2021 Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30524.36481

Graffius, S. M. (2021, June 21). DevOps and team leadership [Workshop]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15380.22401

Graffius, S. M. (2021, October 5). Navigate the phases of team development with speed and agility for happier and more productive teams [Presentation]. IEEE Day 2021 Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20055.19365

Graffius, S. M. (2022, February 4). Team development tradecraft: A source of competitive advantage [Workshop]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14092.80002

Graffius, S. M. (2022, May 13). Want happier and more productive DevOps teams? [Presentation]. DevOpsDays Geneva 2022 Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22252.85127

Graffius, S. M. (2023, June 29). What successful AI teams have in common [Presentation]. Conf42 Quantum Computing 2023 Conference. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29382.45120

Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 8). Scott M. Graffius’ phases of team development: 2024 update. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28629.40168

Graffius, S. M. (2024, May 3). Leverage agile and AI to innovate at the speed of light [Presentation]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30790.48960

Graffius, S. M. (2024, May 21). What successful AI development teams have in common [Presentation]. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24313.07529

Graffius, S. M. (2024, November 18). Side-by-side comparison of retrospectives and hot washes. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/retrospectives-and-hot-washes.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025). Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum. Seattle, WA: Amazon Digital Services.

Graffius, S. M. (2025, January 7). Scott M. Graffius’ phases of team development: 2025 update. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33705.30564

Graffius, S. M. (2025, January 23). Wild world of team dynamics: Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eE1HTarKqEw

Graffius, S. M. (2025, January 24). When agile, AI, and strategic thinking converge. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22277.46565

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 7). Method and System for Facilitating Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence Teams via a Protocolized Mediation Layer for Bi-Directional Translation, Interpretation, and Optimization of Natural Language, Paralinguistic, Prosodic, and Nonverbal Cues Across Text, Audio, and Video Modalities, Incorporating Real-Time Analysis of Auditory Tone, Pitch, Affect, Facial Expressions, Gaze, Posture, and Other Body Language Indicators, Generating AI-Compatible Representations for Human Inputs, Generating Human-Accessible Representations for AI Outputs, Conveying Context-Aware Information in Both Directions, Reducing Cognitive Friction, Enhancing Mutual Intelligibility, Supporting Decision-Making, and Maximizing Collective Task Performance. A novel integration of multimodal communication, cognitive alignment, and human-AI interaction. Los Angeles, California, United States: Scott M. Graffius.

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic team dynamics: The new frontier of human-AI collaboration. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/exotic-team-dynamics.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 29). Definitions of advanced AIs: Agentic, autonomous, and autopoietic. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/advanced-ai-definitions.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). Navigating the spectrum of advanced AI – Agentic, autonomous, and autopoietic. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/navigating-the-spectrum-of-advanced-artificial-intelligence.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). This is What Happens When Advanced AI Joins Your Team [Presentation; French translation for contextual clarity: Voici ce qui se passe lorsque l’IA avancée rejoint votre équipe]. Talk delivered in English at a corporate event, Paris, France.

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius’ phases of team development—applied to human teams and human-AI teams: 2026 update. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 12). UNSW Aerospace Engineering Course Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development". ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/unsw-features-phases-of-team-development-by-scott-m-graffius.html

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 23). Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI -- Or Be Outplayed. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/human-ai-teamwork-master-the-emergent-exotic-team-dynamics-or-be-outplayed.html

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 31). Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport.html

Kerzner, H. (2022). Innovation project management: Methods, case studies, and tools for managing innovation projects (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing.

Nelson, K., Ronka, D., Lang, L., Korabek-Emerson, L., & White, J. (2020). Designing & leading life-changing workshops. Kittery Point, ME: Cliffhouse Press.

Paulise, L. (2021, September 29). Why an agile coach can help your team overcome the great resignation. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/lucianapaulise/2021/09/29/why-an-agile-coach-can-help-your-team-overcome-the-great-resignation/

Project Management Institute. (2025, January 3). Agile Alliance® joins Project Management Institute (PMI) [Press release]. https://www.pmi.org/about/press-media/2025/agile-alliance-joins-project-management-institute

PwC Luxembourg. (2024, October 2). Agile survey 2024. https://www.pwc.lu/en/advisory/digital-tech-impact/digital/agile-transformation/agile-survey-2024.html

Scrum Alliance. (n.d.). The growing impact of agile coaching. https://resources.scrumalliance.org/Article/growing-impact-agile-coaching

Scrum Alliance. (2025). Scrum Alliance 2025 annual report—Advancing agility and resilience. https://www.scrumalliance.org/about/annual-report-2025

Stanier, M. B. (2016). The coaching habit: Say less, ask more & change the way you lead forever. Vancouver, BC: Page Two.

Thompson, S., & Cox, E. (2017). How coaching is used and understood by project managers in organizations. Project Management Journal, 48(5), 64–77.

Yahoo Finance. (2025, October 8). Agile project management software market to hit USD 14,711 million by 2032. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/agile-project-management-software-market-133100700.html

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

award-winning-agile-scrum-book-by-scott-m-graffius-v24122207lwres

top-10-agile-books-2026-header-scottgraffius(dot)com-v2-lwres

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 7). The Agile Coach: 2026 Edition. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/agile-coach-2026.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon.

Content Acknowledgements

All names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

#AgileCoach
#AgileCoaching
#HumanAI
#HumanAICollaboration
#FutureOfWork
#ExoticTeamDynamics
#AgileTransformation
#Teamwork

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Agile Coach • Exotic Team Dynamics • Future of Work • Agile Leadership • Team Development • Agile Coaching • Agile Transformation • Human-AI Collaboration

Scott M. Graffius’ Work Cited in International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Digital Transformation

06 April 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

scott-m-graffius-work-cited-in-digital-transformation-journal---lwres

Introduction

Scott M. Graffius’ article, "How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms," has been cited in a peer-reviewed research paper. Published in the scientific journal Digital Transformation (Цифровая трансформация), the citing work is titled "Key Factors of Social Networks Algorithms: Classification and Practical Significance for SMM." This recognition highlights the ongoing global interest in understanding how algorithmic systems influence digital ecosystems and social media marketing practices. Excerpts are shown below.

scott-m-graffius-work-cited-in-digital-transformation-journal---excerpts-lwres

scott-m-graffius-work-cited-in-digital-transformation-journal---excerpts-lwres

Details including links to Graffius' article and the scientific paper are in the bibliography.

About the Article, How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms

In "How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms," Graffius examines how algorithms on social media platforms, those invisible mathematical architects and gatekeepers, quietly determine what over five billion people see, think about, and react to every single day. What began as the humble chronological feed evolved, once engagement exploded, into something far more powerful and opaque: sophisticated, engagement-driven systems that promote not necessarily the most truthful or enriching content, but the most engaging content. That distinction matters enormously. Five fundamental forces drive these systems: user engagement, content prioritization, content relevance, freshness, and network effects. None of them were explicitly designed to make users miserable, yet the outcomes can sometimes lean that way. The upsides are real, including personalization, content discovery, and reduced information overload, but so are the downsides: echo chambers, the amplification of misinformation, and a creeping user fatigue born of the realization that one’s experience is being engineered by an entity whose priorities may differ from one’s own. Graffius urges marketers to lean into quality, authenticity, and video, while posing important ethical questions about transparency and whose well-being the platforms are actually optimizing for. He suggests that the future will bring more AI refinement, greater user control, ethical algorithm design, and possibly even augmented and virtual reality woven into the feed, at which point the gap between "what the algorithm wants" and "what is good for you" will become either negligibly small or spectacularly large.

About the Journal, Digital Transformation

The journal Digital Transformation, based in Belarus and published by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus, focuses on the technical and economic aspects of digital technologies, information and communication systems, and their real-world applications. It features peer-reviewed articles, primarily in Russian. Being referenced in this context is especially meaningful, as it places Graffius’ work alongside research that classifies social network algorithms and examines their tangible value for social media marketing (SMM) professionals.

Conclusion

Algorithms quietly shape billions of daily interactions, often in ways users rarely see but deeply feel. The fact that independent, peer-reviewed research is building on these ideas is both affirming and encouraging, underscoring the value of clear, thoughtful examination of these systems. As platforms evolve with increasingly sophisticated AI, the stakes continue to rise—bringing questions of personalization, fairness, transparency, and user well-being into sharper focus. Yet, with greater awareness and informed contributions from researchers, practitioners, and users alike, there is a meaningful opportunity to guide these systems toward more ethical, human-centered outcomes. In that sense, this growing body of work is part of shaping a better digital future.

Bibliography

Batura M., Маrakhina I., & Parkhimenko U. (2026, April). Key Factors of Social Networks Algorithms: Classification and Practical Significance for SMM. Digital Transformation, 32(1), 12-18. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2026-32-1-12-18

Graffius, S. M. (2024, September 26). How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29149.01767

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, April 6). Scott M. Graffius' Work Cited in International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Digital Transformation. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scott-m-graffius-work-cited-in-digital-transformation-journal.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon.

Content Acknowledgements

Scott M. Graffius' work was cited in an international peer-reviewed journal on digital transformation. The paper, "Key Factors of Social Networks Algorithms: Classification and Practical Significance for SMM," published in the journal Digital Transformation, cites Graffius' article, "How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms."

Digital Transformation (a Belarus-based, Russian-language journal) and its content are the property of their respective publisher and contributors.

"Key Factors of Social Networks Algorithms: Classification and Practical Significance for SMM" is the property of its authors and publisher.

This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

"How Algorithms Shape the User Experience on Social Media Platforms" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Tags and Hashtags

Digital Transformation
Social Media Research
Algorithms
User Experience (UX)
Social Media Marketing (SMM)
Scott M. Graffius

#DigitalTransformation
#SocialMedia
#SocialMediaResearch
#Algorithms
#UX
#SMM

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Digital Transformation • Social Media Research • Algorithms • Scott M. Graffius • Social Media Marketing (SMM) • User Experience (UX)

Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport

31 March 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport---260331G-lwres

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 31). Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport.html

Building Elite Teams: The Phases That Turn Talent into Triumph

Teamwork is everything. It's the indispensable multiplier that amplifies individual talents, drives exceptional performance, and creates a competitive edge.

Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It's a unique perspective and visual that serves as a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, researchers, journalists, and others worldwide have featured and utilized Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Finland Government, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Journal of Neurosurgery, Microsoft, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis Association, UC San Diego, UK Sports Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, and many others.

This article spotlights its powerful application in elite sport, where the margin between good and great often comes down to how well teams evolve and perform under intense pressure.

UK Sports Institute

The UK Sports Institute features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in its materials on teamwork and leadership. The Institute supports Olympic and Paralympic athletes through multidisciplinary teams that integrate coaches, medics, data experts, physiologists, and logistics professionals. In these high-stakes environments, where coordination and trust can determine medals, a structured approach to team evolution is essential for building podium-ready performance.

U.S. Soccer

U.S. Soccer has also adopted Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Soccer demands constant motion, quick decisions, and seamless interdependence. Players must read one another instinctively, adapt on the fly, and function as a single, fluid unit even when the game turns chaotic. The framework helps navigate the dynamics of team development—from early forming jitters to high-performing match-day cohesion and on-pitch fluidity that turns talent into trophies.

U.S. Tennis Association

The U.S. Tennis Association brings yet another angle. Tennis may appear to be an individual pursuit, but elite success relies on an extensive support ecosystem. There are coaches, trainers, strength staff, mental performance specialists, and more. The Player Development section of the U.S. Tennis Association leverages Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." It works just as effectively when the “team” operates behind a single athlete—helping synchronize the support staff pod for peak performance—as it does in traditional squad sports.

NHL

The preceding examples illustrate three elite sport organizations that have leveraged Graffius' work. But its relevance extends beyond them. Here's one example. Consider ice hockey, where physicality, blistering speed, and split-second adjustments define success. National Hockey League (NHL) teams operate in a pressure-cooker environment where line chemistry, defensive pairings, goaltender communication, and on-ice adaptability can shift in an instant. While this is not (yet) a documented public adoption by a league or franchise, "Phases of Team Development" offers coaches, captains, and leaders a valuable resource for building that cohesion—and ultimately the synchronized, high-output execution required for Stanley Cup contention.

Conclusion

No team starts on the podium. They evolve through distinct phases, and Graffius gives leaders actionable insights that they can leverage to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams. Its adoption by leading sport bodies reinforces its value in high-stakes, high-pressure environments.

A visual from the now-current (2026) edition of Scott M. Graffius’ "Phases of Team Development" is shown below and details are here. It covers both human-only teams and human-AI teams (including handling the exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI).

Bibliography

Agile Scrum Guide [@AgileScrumGuide]. (2024, August 21). The U.S. Tennis Association used and referenced our content by Scott M. Graffius (@ScottGraffius). X. https://x.com/AgileScrumGuide/status/1826366633444868294?s=20

Graffius, S. M. (2025, March 16). U.S. Soccer Scores with Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property on Teamwork. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/u-s-soccer-scores-with-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property-on-teamwork.html

Graffius, S.  M. (2023, July 25). The UK Sports Institute Features My Content! [LinkedIn post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/scottgraffius_scott-m-graffius-content-featured-by-uk-activity-7089813136551149568-VWiY

Graffius, S. M. (2024, April 10). U.S. Tennis Association Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/usta-features-work-of-scott-m-graffius.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human-AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/exotic-team-dynamics.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 22). Scott M. Graffius Premieres His New "Exotic Team Dynamics: Human-AI Collaboration" Talk at Corporate Event in Las Vegas. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34380.07047

Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 29). Definitions of Advanced AIs: Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/advanced-ai-definitions.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 3). UK Sports Institute Features Teamwork and Leadership Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23408.11520

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). Navigating the Spectrum of Advanced AI – Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21284.74882

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). This is What Happens When Advanced AI Joins Your Team [Presentation; French translation for contextual clarity: Voici ce qui se passe lorsque l’IA avancée rejoint votre équipe]. Talk delivered in English at a corporate event, Paris, France.

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

National Hockey League. (n.d.). National Hockey League (NHL). https://www.nhl.com/

Olympics. (n.d.). The Olympics. https://www.olympics.com

Patterson, C. (2021, September 29). Post on X. X. https://x.com/physiocolinp/status/1443292171252154377

UK Sports Institute. (n.d.). UK Sports Institute. https://uksportsinstitute.co.uk/

UK Sports Institute (2023, April 25). English Institute of Sport Celebrates the Start of a New Era as the UK Sports Institute. UK Sports Institute. https://www.uksport.gov.uk/news/2023/04/25/english-institute-of-sport-celebrates-the-start-of-a-new-era-as-the-uk-sports-institute

US Soccer. (n.d.). US Soccer. https://www.ussoccer.com/

US Tennis Association. (n.d.). US Tennis Association (USTA). https://www.usta.com/en/home.html

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 31). Phases of Team Development in Elite Sport. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/phases-of-team-development-in-elite-sport.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon.

Content Acknowledgements

All names, marks, and material are the property of their respective owners.

Olympics name, marks, and material are the property of the International Olympic Committee (the IOC).

This article includes limited excerpts of content from the IOC, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

#TeamDevelopment
#EliteSport
#Leadership
#Teamwork
#SportsLeadership
#OrganizationalDevelopment
#Performance
#Olympics
#HeatedRivalry
#NHL
#UKSportsInstitute
#USSoccer
#USTA

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Phases of Team Development • Leadership • Team Dynamics • Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning • #UKSportsInstitute • #USSoccer • #USTA • #EliteSport • #NHL • #HeatedRivalry • #Olympics • #Performance • #SportsLeadership • #Teamwork • #Leadership • #TeamDevelopment • Heated Rivalry • Olympics • US Soccer • NHL • UK Sports Institute • US Tennis Association • Elite Sport Performance • Organizational Development • Sports Management • High-Performance Teams

A Critical Analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Search Trends and Media Coverage Study Citing Scott M. Graffius' Work

30 March 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

critical-analysis-covid19-media-coverage-study---lwres

Introduction

The medRxiv preprint paper, "Search Interest in Alleged COVID-19 Treatments During the Pandemic and the Impact of Mass News Media," examines the relationship between media coverage and public search behavior for three widely discussed treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic: hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, and remdesivir.

That paper cites Scott M. Graffius' research. While a careful reading makes clear that Graffius' work is distinct from the study’s framing, methods, and conclusions, citations can sometimes create perceived alignment where none exists—especially for readers who may not examine the full context in detail. For that reason, and to proactively clarify any potential misunderstandings, Graffius provides the following objective, evidence-based assessment of the scientific paper and does not endorse the paper.

This article provides a critical analysis of the "Search Interest in Alleged COVID-19 Treatments During the Pandemic and the Impact of Mass News Media" paper, including its use of Scott M. Graffius' work.

Critical Analysis of Paper

1. Problematic Title Language

An issue appears in the title itself. The phrase "alleged COVID-19 treatments" may be interpreted as value-laden. While these interventions were the subject of significant debate regarding their efficacy against COVID-19, some were recommended and prescribed by licensed physicians during the pandemic. The terminology employed by the paper's authors may therefore be reasonably seen as attempting to influence the reader's interpretation at the outset.

2. Correlation vs. Causation

The study identifies associations between media coverage and Google search interest over time. However, at times it interprets these associations as directional influence—suggesting that media coverage may "drive" public interest. This is not fully supported by the methodology. Time-series correlations, even with lag structures, do not establish causality. Both media coverage and search activity are likely responding to shared external drivers, such as major news events, political statements, regulatory decisions, or social media amplification. Without a causal identification strategy (e.g., natural experiments or instrumental variables), conclusions about influence remain speculative.

3. Measurement Limitations

The study relies on two proxy measures: Google Trends data and Media Cloud article counts.

Google Trends provides normalized, relative search interest (scaled 0–100), not absolute search volume. Because Google Trends provides normalized (0–100) relative search interest rather than absolute volumes, interpretation requires caution. Reported differences may reflect relative scaling and baseline variation rather than absolute changes in search behavior.

Media Cloud data capture article frequency, but do not account for audience reach, prominence, engagement, or sentiment. Media Cloud data capture article frequency but do not account for audience reach, prominence, engagement, or sentiment, which may limit the interpretability of "media coverage" as a proxy for exposure.

Additionally, the use of third-party media bias ratings introduces subjective classifications that are not standardized scientific measures.

4. Model Specification and Confounding

The study employs zero-inflated negative binomial models with short lag structures. However, three issues warrant attention. First, the choice of lag intervals (same day, 1-day, and 2-day lags) is not accompanied by a clear theoretical justification, which may limit interpretability. Second, key confounders (such as major real-world events, policy announcements, and social media dynamics) are not incorporated, despite being likely drivers of both media coverage and search behavior. Third, the included covariates (political leaning, rurality, social vulnerability) are plausible but insufficient to address the broader causal landscape.

As a result, the models risk attributing effects to media coverage that may be driven by omitted variables.

5. Overstatement of Effect Sizes

Reported findings (e.g., large percentage increases in search interest following media coverage) may appear substantial in relative terms. Because the analysis relies on normalized Google Trends data and model-based estimates, interpretation should consider the underlying scaling and variability of the data, particularly outside peak periods.

6. Use of Exploratory and Qualitative Techniques

The study incorporates word clouds and co-occurrence analyses to characterize media content. These methods are descriptive and exploratory in nature, and while useful for contextualization, they do not provide the same level of statistical rigor as the primary analyses.

7. Strengths

While the study has several limitations and other issues, it has some strengths. Examples include the use of large datasets, transparent methodology and code availability, consideration of bidirectional dynamics, and relevance to public health communication.

8. Citation of Graffius' Work

The paper includes a citation to Scott M. Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research. However, this reference appears in a limited context and does not reflect or align with the paper’s overall framing, methodological approach, interpretive lens, or conclusions regarding media influence and “alleged” treatments. Graffius does not endorse the paper.

Excerpts from the paper follow.

critical-analysis-covid19-media-coverage-study---excerpts-lwres

critical-analysis-covid19-media-coverage-study---excerpts-lwres

The paper cited the 2024 edition of Graffius' work. A visual from the now-current (2026) edition is shown below and details are available here.

stacks-image-da87ec0

Details including links to the 2024 and 2026 editions of Graffius' respective work are in the bibliography section of this article.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that media coverage and public search behavior are temporally associated during certain major public health events. However, the evidence does not establish causal influence, and several methodological and interpretive limitations constrain the strength of its conclusions. In particular, reliance on proxy measures, limited control for confounding variables, and narrative framing choices contribute to an overextension of the findings.

A more accurate interpretation recognizes the study as evidence of correlation within a complex information ecosystem, rather than as definitive proof that media coverage causes changes in public behavior. The paper's findings do not justify policy or behavioral conclusions.

About the Authors of the Scientific Paper

The "Search interest in alleged COVID-19 treatments during the pandemic and the impact of mass news media paper" authors and their respective affiliations are:

Emily E Ricotta, PhD

Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, USA

Samantha Bents, BS

Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, USA
Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

Brendan Lawler, BS

CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, USA
Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Thomas Berkane, MS

CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, USA
Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Fausto A Bustos Carrillo, PhD

Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

Brianna A Smith, PhD

CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, USA
Political Science, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA

Maimuna S Majumder, PhD

CompEpi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, USA
Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Bibliography

Ricotta, E. E., Bents, S., Lawler, B., Smith, B. A., & Majumder, M. S. (2024, November 22). Search interest in alleged COVID-19 treatments over the pandemic period: The impact of mass news media [Preprint]. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.20.24317650

Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 1). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2024. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21043.60965

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 96 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.3 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 97 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures—Second Edition.
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge—Sixth Edition.
The Standard for Program Management—Fourth Edition.
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating—Second Edition.

Additional details are here.

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

Sign up for Miro—it's free!

(Want more features? You can always upgrade to a paid plan.)

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 30). A Critical Analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Search Trends and Media Coverage Study Citing Scott M. Graffius' Work. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/critical-analysis-of-covid19-media-coverage-study.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Emily E Ricotta, Samantha Bents, Brendan Lawler, Thomas Berkane, Fausto A Bustos Carrillo, Brianna A Smith, and Maimuna S Majumder are authors of paper, "Search interest in alleged COVID-19 treatments during the pandemic and the impact of mass news media." The paper cites "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research by Scott M. Graffius.

The following appears in the header of the paper: "medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.20.24317650; this version posted February 17, 2026. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available
for use under a CC0 license."

This article includes limited excerpts from the paper, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright (c) Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

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Tags: Boston Children’s Hospital • Critical analysis of medical paper • Critical analysis of scientific paper • Harvard Medical School • Scott M. Graffius • United States Naval Academy • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences • Social Media Research • National Institutes of Health (NIH) • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts • Fogarty International Center