Ohio State University Course Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"

30 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

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Software Engineering Course Features Graffius' Work on Teamwork Tradecraft

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About Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies on human teamwork, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and high-performance teams, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development—Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning—inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Leaders can apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams.

It has been used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, and others around the world. Examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Bayer,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
DevOps Institute,
Government of Finland,
Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH,
IEEE,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Microsoft,
Oracle,
Technical University of Munich,
Tufts University,
U.S. National Park Service,
U.S. Tennis Association,
University of California at San Diego (UCSD),
University of South Wales,
University of Waterloo,
Yale University,
and many more.

First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI (agentic, autonomous, or autopoietic) collaborates as a teammate. A visual from the current (2026) edition is shown below, and details are here.

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Scott M. Graffius has generated over $2.51 billion in business value for Fortune 500 companies and other organizations around the world. Put that track record to work for you. For speaking engagements, use the request form; for other inquiries, email him.

About The Ohio State University

The Ohio State University is a flagship public research university located in Columbus, Ohio. Founded in 1870 as a land-grant institution, Ohio State is one of the largest universities in the United States by enrollment and is consistently ranked among the nation's leading research institutions. It is a member of the Big Ten Academic Alliance and the Association of American Universities, a prestigious consortium of leading research universities in the United States and Canada. Ohio State advances research, education, and public service across a broad range of disciplines, with particular strength in engineering, medicine, business, and the sciences.

About the College of Engineering

The College of Engineering at The Ohio State University is one of the largest and most comprehensive engineering colleges in the United States, offering a wide range of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs across major engineering disciplines. It is recognized for its strong focus on innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and large-scale research initiatives. The college is organized into multiple departments, including aerospace, civil, electrical, mechanical, and computer engineering, along with rapidly growing areas such as data and materials science. Through extensive research infrastructure and industry partnerships, it contributes to engineering advances that address complex technological and societal challenges.

About the Department of Computer Science and Engineering

The Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The Ohio State University is part of the College of Engineering. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs spanning core and emerging areas of computing, including software engineering, artificial intelligence, systems, theory, and human-computer interaction. The department emphasizes rigorous technical preparation alongside collaborative and professional skills development, reflecting the multidisciplinary demands of the modern technology landscape.

About CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis

CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis is an undergraduate course offered through the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The Ohio State University. The course focuses on the principles and practices of eliciting, analyzing, specifying, and validating software requirements. It addresses both the technical and collaborative dimensions of software development, including team dynamics and the interpersonal skills essential to effective requirements engineering in professional environments.

About Timothy G. Bolwerk

Timothy G. Bolwerk is a Senior Instructor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The Ohio State University, where he has taught software engineering coursework for several years. His teaching record includes multiple semesters of CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis, as well as CSE 2501: Social, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Computing, and CSE 3231: Software Engineering Techniques. In CSE 3232, students build foundational skills in requirements analysis, systems modeling, and collaborative team-based software projects, with team dynamics and high-performing team formation incorporated directly into the course content. Bolwerk brings real-world project and program management experience to his teaching, holding PMP and PMI-ACP credentials and operating a part-time consultancy that supports engineering and manufacturing organizations with program and project management needs.

About the Big Ten Academic Alliance

The Big Ten Academic Alliance is a collaborative consortium of major research universities that advances education, research, and shared academic infrastructure across its member institutions. Despite the name “Big Ten,” the Alliance now includes 18 member universities. The term reflects its historical origin as the academic counterpart to the Big Ten Conference, which originally consisted of ten institutions. As the conference expanded over time, additional universities joined, but the established “Big Ten” branding was retained for continuity and recognition. Today, the Alliance operates as a large-scale cooperative network supporting collective academic and research initiatives.

About the Association of American Universities

The Association of American Universities (AAU) is a nonprofit organization comprising leading research universities in the United States and Canada. Founded in 1900, the AAU represents institutions that are committed to maintaining the highest standards of excellence in research and scholarship. Member universities collectively account for a substantial share of federally funded university research, produce a significant portion of the nation's doctoral graduates, and contribute broadly to scientific discovery and economic development.

Bibliography

Association of American Universities. (n.d.). Association of American Universities. https://www.aau.edu/

Big Ten Academic Alliance. (n.d.). Big Ten Academic Alliance. https://btaa.org/

Bolwerk, T. G. (n.d.). Team Dynamics. CSE 3232 - Software Requirements Analysis. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University.

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Exotic Team Dynamics. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/exotic-team-dynamics.html

Graffius, S. M. (2022, February 14). Use the Phases of Team Development (Based on Bruce W. Tuckman's Model of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning) to Help Teams Grow and Advance: 2022 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/teams-2022.html

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Ohio State University. (n.d.). The Ohio State University. https://www.osu.edu/

Ohio State University. (n.d.). The Ohio State University, College of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Courses. https://cse.osu.edu/courses

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About Scott M. Graffius

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Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 99 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 99 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

He was also a subject matter expert reviewer of content for the PMI’s Congress. Beyond the PMI, Graffius also served as a member of the review team for two of the Scrum Alliance’s Global Scrum Gatherings.

Acclaimed Authority on Teamwork Tradecraft

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Graffius is a renowned authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to develop high-performance teams. Its adoption by esteemed organizations such as Yale University, IEEE, Cisco, Microsoft, Ford, Oracle, Broadcom, the U.S. National Park Service, and the Journal of Neurosurgery, among others, highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

The 2026 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is here.

Expert on Temporal Dynamics on Social Media Platforms

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Graffius is also an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms. His "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research—first published in 2018 and updated annually—delivers a precise quantitative analysis of post longevity across digital platforms, utilizing advanced statistical techniques to determine mean half-life with precision. It establishes a solid empirical base, effectively highlighting the ephemeral nature of content within social media ecosystems. Referenced and applied by leading entities—such as Fast Company, GoDaddy, Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume), Ministère de la Culture (French Ministry of Culture), Pinterest Inc., PNAS, and Telecommunications Policy, among others—his research exemplifies methodological rigor and sustained significance in the field of digital informatics.

The 2026 edition of Graffius "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research is here.

Education and Professional Certifications

Graffius has a bachelor’s degree in psychology with a focus in Human Factors. He holds eight professional certifications:

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

He is an active member of the Scrum Alliance, the Project Management Institute (PMI), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Advancing AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management

Scott M. Graffius continues to advance the fields of AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Management through his leadership, research, writing, and real-world impact. Businesses and other organizations leverage Graffius’ insights to drive their success.

Discover Scott’s Books

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

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List of Additional Articles

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How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 30). Ohio State University Course Features Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/ohio-state-university-course-features-scott-m-graffius-phases-of-team-development.html

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Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

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Content Acknowledgements

Scott M. Graffius' “Phases of Team Development” is featured in coursework at The Ohio State University, a flagship public research university and one of the largest universities in the United States. Graffius’ work is in material for CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis. The course is part of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering within the College of Engineering, taught by Timothy G. Bolwerk, Senior Instructor. The curriculum features the 2022 edition of Graffius’ “Phases of Team Development.” Graffius periodically updates his work. The 2026 edition is here: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601. The Ohio State University name and mark are the property of The Ohio State University. This piece by Graffius includes limited excerpts of university materials, attributed and used under fair use for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis. Graffius’ “Phases of Team Development” is copyright © Scott M. Graffius.

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Tags and Hashtags

Ohio State University
College of Engineering at Ohio State University
Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Ohio State University
CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis
Big Ten Academic Alliance
Association of American Universities
Phases of Team Development
Team Dynamics
Teamwork Tradecraft
Exotic Team Dynamics
Timothy G. Bolwerk

#OhioState
#CollegeOfEngineering
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#CSE3232
#SoftwareRequirementsAnalysis
#BigTenAcademicAlliance
#AAU
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#TeamworkTradecraft
#TeamDynamics
#ExoticTeamDynamics

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.

Tags: Ohio State University • Team Dynamics • Timothy G. Bolwerk • Exotic Team Dynamics • Teamwork Tradecraft • Phases of Team Development • Association of American Universities • Big Ten Academic Alliance • CSE 3232: Software Requirements Analysis • Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Ohio State University • College of Engineering at Ohio State University

Scrum Isn’t Just for Coding

26 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

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Introduction

"There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more." — Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Scrum emerged in 1995 and matured within software engineering during the late 1990s and 2000s. However, its underlying principles are not limited to code. Scrum is about structuring complex work into small cross-functional teams, short iterative cycles, continuous feedback, and rapid adaptation when reality inevitably diverges from the plan.

This matters because complexity is a common condition of modern work—whether in software or elsewhere. It appears in designing medical protocols, manufacturing physical products, coordinating large-scale operations, or developing new services under uncertainty, where the same constraints recur: shifting requirements, interdependent tasks, and the need to deliver value quickly.

Scrum is the most widely used form of Agile. Across industries, organizations increasingly employ Scrum as a response to complexity. The examples that follow span multiple sectors and include many applications outside of software and technology.

12 Examples of Scrum Across Diverse Industries and Applications

1. Marketing — ING Bank / Dutch AA

When two Dutch organizations—ING Bank and the Dutch Automobile Association (ANWB)—sought to improve speed to market, ownership, and responsiveness in their marketing functions, they turned to Scrum. Working with an agile consultancy, both organizations implemented Scrum to develop marketing campaigns and commercial initiatives, adapting Scrum’s sprint structure and team roles to a non-software, creative context. The implementations demonstrated that core Scrum practices—backlog prioritization, iterative delivery, and retrospective improvement—could be effectively applied to marketing work.

Source: Moienaar, J. (n.d.). Marketing Scrum vs. IT Scrum: Two marketing case studies. https://agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/marketing-scrum-vs-scrum-two-marketing-case-studies-now-act-first-apologize-later/

2. Hardware / Physical Product Development — Gillette Razor

When Gillette's grooming CEO challenged the R&D organization to develop and launch a new razor faster than the company ever had before, the team turned to Scrum. Implementing change, Gillette organized its approximately 55-person program into seven or eight cross-functional Scrum teams (with the exact count varying at different phases), each responsible for a distinct aspect of the product, including the shaving surface, handle, packaging, and commercialization strategy. The result was the Gillette Exfoliating Razor, launched significantly faster than previous Gillette products and met with a strong consumer response. David Ingram, Vice President of Global R&D at Gillette, credited Scrum with helping the teams surface risks early, make faster decisions, and challenge assumptions that had long been treated as non-negotiable. The case remains one of the most widely cited examples of Scrum applied to physical, non-software product development.

Source: West, D. (2023, January 11). Scrum at Gillette — Part 1: Launching a new razor with Scrum [Podcast]. https://www.scrum.org/resources/scrum-gillette-part-1-launching-new-razor-scrum

3. Healthcare — Ariadne Labs / Home Hospital Accelerator

Ariadne Labs—a joint center for health systems innovation at Brigham & Women’s Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health—used Scrum to structure collaboration across 18 healthcare organizations in a Home Hospital Early Adopters Accelerator program. The goal was to develop 20 clinical knowledge products, including patient eligibility criteria, admission workflows, and medication protocols, to support hospitals launching home hospital programs. Using one-week Scrum sprints, the participating teams completed all 20 knowledge products in 32 working weeks, compared with a 40-week target. The vast majority of participants (97.4%) agreed that the Scrum teams worked well together, and 96.8% reported high-quality outputs.

Source: Desai, M., Tardif-Douglin, M., Miller, I., Blitzer, S., Gardner, D. L., Thompson, T., Edmondson, L., & Levine, D. M. (2024, May 27). Implementation of Agile in healthcare: Methodology for a multisite home hospital accelerator. BMJ Open Quality, 13(2), e002671. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11131107/

4. Winemaking / Operations — Mission Bell Winery

Erik Martella, VP and General Manager of Mission Bell Winery (a unit of Constellation Brands), encountered Scrum and decided to test the framework on an operational challenge: achieving Safe Quality Food Level 2 certification for the winery. The pilot proved successful and led to broader adoption of Scrum across wine production, warehousing, and other functions, including senior leadership, whose two-week sprints and regular stand-ups helped clarify and structure executive work.

Source: Rigby, D. K., Berez, S., Caimi, G., & Noble, A. (2016, April 19). Agile innovation. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/agile-innovation/

5. Education — K–12 Classroom, Grandview Preparatory School

Grandview Preparatory School, a private K–12 institution, worked with an agile coach to introduce Agile and Scrum-inspired practices into the classroom through a tool called the Learning Canvas, a visual management board inspired by Scrum. Teachers displayed the boards on classroom walls where students could view, interact with, and comment on learning goals and progress, increasing visibility into classroom work. Fifteen out of 16 teachers reported adopting Learning Canvases in their classrooms. Teachers observed that students became more collaborative, communicative, and self-directed in their learning. The coach noted that students were developing not only subject knowledge but also skills in adaptation and collaboration.

Source: Scrum Alliance. (n.d.). How healthcare, education and marketing organizations are using Scrum to thrive. https://resources.scrumalliance.org/Article/how-healthcare-education-and-marketing-organizations-are-using-scrum-to-thrive

6. Software Development — FBI Sentinel

The FBI's Sentinel case management system stands as one of the most widely cited Scrum turnaround stories. After Lockheed Martin spent $405 million over several years using a traditional waterfall approach and delivered only half of the planned system—already a year behind schedule—the FBI halted work and brought development in-house under Scrum. With a team of approximately 45 people (the number of people varied over time), the FBI completed the remaining, most complex phases in under 12 months for about $30 million, compared with an estimated $351 million required under the previous approach. The Sentinel turnaround is widely regarded as a landmark demonstration of Scrum's ability to rescue large, complex, high-stakes government IT projects.

Source: Bloomberg, J. (2012, August 22). How the FBI proves Agile works for government agencies. CIO. https://www.cio.com/article/286775/agile-development-how-the-fbi-proves-agile-works-for-government-agencies.html

7. Automotive Manufacturing — WIKISPEED

Joe Justice and Team WIKISPEED applied one-week Scrum sprints to a challenge that is highly unconventional in traditional automotive development: building a street-legal, 100+ miles-per-gallon prototype vehicle from scratch and iterating its design on a weekly cadence. In conventional automotive manufacturing, the design phase alone can take more than a decade; WIKISPEED reduced cycle times by focusing on rapid, iterative development. The team, composed largely of global volunteers operating on a minimal budget, entered the Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize—a $10 million competition to produce a 100+ MPG vehicle—and placed in the top ten out of 146 entrants.

Source: Leybourn, E. (2019, March 19). WIKISPEED: Applying Agile software principles and practices for fast automotive development. Business Agility Institute. https://businessagility.institute/learn/applying-agile-software-principles-and-practices-for-fast-automotive-development/187

8. Military / Defense Procurement — Australian Army

DiggerWorks, the Australian Army unit responsible for designing, developing, and integrating combat equipment and clothing for soldiers, represents an unlikely setting for Scrum. Military procurement is traditionally hierarchical, risk-averse, and heavily process-driven. Yet within 18 months of adopting Agile methods, most DiggerWorks teams transitioned from traditional waterfall management to Scrum and related approaches, with reported productivity improvements of up to 600%. One early example involved night-vision goggle cases: soldiers in the field were experiencing equipment failures because standard soft cases did not provide adequate protection. Using Scrum and other agile methods, DiggerWorks designed and prototyped a hard casing in seven weeks, saving an estimated $6 million compared with procurement alternatives and avoiding significant future repair and replacement costs.

Source: Withers, M. (2019, December 18). Agile successfully deploys in military procurement. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/agile-successfully-deploys-in-military-procurement/

9. Construction / Architecture — Design-Build Project Case Study

A peer-reviewed case study published in the International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering examined the application of Scrum to a Design-Build construction project—a delivery model increasingly used in the United States but often managed using traditional waterfall approaches. The study found that implementing Scrum during both the design and construction phases led to improved cost and schedule control, as well as enhanced communication among multiple stakeholders, including architects, engineers, contractors, and owners. The authors concluded that Scrum’s iterative structure appears well-suited to the inherently adaptive nature of Design-Build projects, where requirements evolve, and cross-disciplinary collaboration is continuous. The research contributes a peer-reviewed case study on the application of Scrum in construction project delivery.

Source: Jethva, S. S., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2022, March). Agile project management for design-build construction projects: A case study. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 19, 2021216.

10. Biotech / Pharma — Roche Pharma Finland

Roche Pharma Finland, part of the global Roche organization operating in the highly regulated pharmaceutical and biotech sector, undertook an Agile transformation to improve cross-functional collaboration and delivery of patient-focused outcomes. The organization applied Scrum beyond software to pharmaceutical and research workflows, forming cross-functional teams that spanned scientific, medical, and operational expertise. Work was structured into short, iterative cycles, with Sprint Reviews used to inspect experimental progress and adjust priorities based on emerging data, and Product Backlogs used to manage evolving research hypotheses and development options. The organization reported improvements in alignment across departments, faster learning cycles in research activities, and greater transparency in progress toward patient-centered goals, while also surfacing sector-specific challenges such as defining “Done” in experimental work and balancing agility with regulatory requirements.

Source: Lilja, S., Kailanto, J., & Saanila-Sotamaa, M. (n.d.). From pyramid to communities: How a pharma company reinvented themselves using Scrum. https://agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/from-pyramid-to-communities-how-a-pharma-company-reinvented-themselves-using-scrum/

11. Entertainment / Media — Multinational Entertainment and Media Company

When a multinational entertainment and media conglomerate needed to compete more effectively in an era of rapid change, it undertook a full Scrum-based agile transformation—with Scott M. Graffius serving as agile coach. The organization faced the challenges common to large, matrixed enterprises: slow delivery cycles, siloed teams, limited cross-functional collaboration, and difficulty adapting to evolving market conditions. The transformation addressed those challenges directly. By adopting an agile mindset and implementing Scrum's values, roles, events, and artifacts, the company achieved improved engagement, collaboration, transparency, and adaptability. The results were exceptional. The organization developed new capabilities and unlocked the business agility needed to thrive in a fast-moving competitive environment, realizing benefits including faster delivery speed, stronger ROI, higher satisfaction, and a culture of continuous improvement. The case is documented in Graffius' book, Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, which draws directly on his first-hand experience leading the engagement.

Source: Graffius, S. M. (2019). Agile transformation: A brief story of how an entertainment company developed new capabilities and unlocked business agility to thrive in an era of rapid change. CreateSpace, a unit of Amazon.

12. Defense Technology / XR — Meta and Anduril's EagleEye

When Meta and Anduril announced their EagleEye partnership, they brought Agile into one of the most demanding environments imaginable: the development of AI-powered augmented reality headsets for the U.S. Army. EagleEye is designed to overlay real-time battlefield intelligence—including drone feeds, terrain maps, and enemy positions—directly into soldiers' fields of view. The project blends Meta's Reality Labs hardware expertise, built through iterative consumer XR releases like the Quest series, with Anduril's defense-focused Lattice AI platform. Rather than following traditional, slow-moving military R&D processes, the EagleEye collaboration leverages Agile's rapid prototyping, cross-functional team structures, and iterative feedback loops—approaches drawn from game development's immersive design tradition and adapted to military-grade requirements. While the EagleEye announcement referenced Agile broadly rather than naming Scrum specifically, Anduril's job postings explicitly call for Agile and Scrum experience—and as the most widely adopted Agile framework in the world, Scrum is the natural and most likely implementation underpinning this work. The development teams must navigate rigorous compliance, cybersecurity demands, and extreme performance constraints within Agile sprints, demonstrating that iterative development can function even under the most stringent operational conditions. The case is examined in depth by Scott M. Graffius—drawing on his expertise in AI, Agile, hardware, software, game development, and defense—as a model for how Agile accelerates cross-industry innovation in high-stakes XR systems.

Source: Graffius, S. M. (2025, June 2). Meta and Anduril's EagleEye and the future of XR: How gaming, AI, and Agile are transforming defense. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26938.45766

Conclusion

Scrum’s application is not limited to software development. Across industries, its value emerges in environments characterized by complexity, uncertainty, and interdependent work. From government systems and healthcare innovation to manufacturing, education, defense, and biotechnology, the 12 examples in this article demonstrate a clear pattern: when organizations replace predictive, phase-gated planning with short iterative cycles, cross-functional collaboration, and rapid feedback loops, they improve adaptability and delivery speed.

In government systems such as FBI Sentinel, Scrum enabled recovery from large-scale failure and re-establishment of delivery momentum. In product development cases like Gillette and Mission Bell Winery, it accelerated time to market while improving cross-functional alignment. In healthcare and biotech contexts, including Ariadne Labs and Roche Pharma Finland, it supported structured experimentation, faster learning cycles, and improved coordination across highly specialized stakeholders. In education, Scrum-inspired visual systems improved transparency and student engagement, while in sectors such as automotive engineering, construction, military procurement, and defense technology, it enabled rapid prototyping, earlier risk discovery, and more effective integration across complex systems.

As shown, Scrum is not limited to software or technical endeavors. Wherever work requires continuous adjustment to evolving realities, Scrum provides a disciplined mechanism for adapting and delivering business value sooner.

To learn more about Scrum, explore the award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions by Scott M. Graffius (Chris Hare and Colin Giffen, Technical Editors). The book is available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Harvard Book Store, and other sellers worldwide.

Bibliography

Bloomberg, J. (2012, August 22). How the FBI proves Agile works for government agencies. CIO. https://www.cio.com/article/286775/agile-development-how-the-fbi-proves-agile-works-for-government-agencies.html

Desai, M., Tardif-Douglin, M., Miller, I., Blitzer, S., Gardner, D. L., Thompson, T., Edmondson, L., & Levine, D. M. (2024, May 27). Implementation of Agile in healthcare: Methodology for a multisite home hospital accelerator. BMJ Open Quality, 13(2), e002671. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11131107/

Graffius, S. M. (2016). Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. CreateSpace, a unit of Amazon.

Graffius, S. M. (2019). Agile transformation: A brief story of how an entertainment company developed new capabilities and unlocked business agility to thrive in an era of rapid change. CreateSpace, a unit of Amazon.

Graffius, S. M. (2025, June 2). Meta and Anduril's EagleEye and the future of XR: How gaming, AI, and Agile are transforming defense. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26938.45766

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 3). Agile's Journey Through the Decades: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15437.70883

Jethva, S. S., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2022, March). Agile project management for design-build construction projects: A case study. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 19, 2021216.

Leybourn, E. (2019, March 19). WIKISPEED: Applying Agile software principles and practices for fast automotive development. Business Agility Institute. https://businessagility.institute/learn/applying-agile-software-principles-and-practices-for-fast-automotive-development/187

Lilja, S., Kailanto, J., & Saanila-Sotamaa, M. (n.d.). From pyramid to communities: How a pharma company reinvented themselves using Scrum. https://agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/from-pyramid-to-communities-how-a-pharma-company-reinvented-themselves-using-scrum/

Moienaar, J. (n.d.). Marketing Scrum vs. IT Scrum: Two marketing case studies. https://agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/marketing-scrum-vs-scrum-two-marketing-case-studies-now-act-first-apologize-later/

Rigby, D. K., Berez, S., Caimi, G., & Noble, A. (2016, April 19). Agile innovation. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/agile-innovation/

Scrum Alliance. (n.d.). How healthcare, education and marketing organizations are using Scrum to thrive. https://resources.scrumalliance.org/Article/how-healthcare-education-and-marketing-organizations-are-using-scrum-to-thrive

West, D. (2023, January 11). Scrum at Gillette — Part 1: Launching a new razor with Scrum [Podcast]. https://www.scrum.org/resources/scrum-gillette-part-1-launching-new-razor-scrum

Withers, M. (2019, December 18). Agile successfully deploys in military procurement. Bain & Company. https://www.bain.com/insights/agile-successfully-deploys-in-military-procurement/

scrum-its-not-just-for-coding---v260627-ig-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 26). Scrum Isn’t Just for Coding. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scrum-is-not-just-for-coding.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Tags and Hashtags

Scrum beyond software
Agile across industries
Cross-functional teams
Iterative project management
Business agility
Agile case studies
Complexity management
Product development
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

#Scrum
#Software
#ProductDevelopment
#Agile
#BusinessAgility
#ProjectManagement
#Teamwork
#Innovation
#Leadership
#SDLC

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Scrum beyond software • Agile across industries • Cross-functional teams • Business agility • Agile case studies • Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions • Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Product development • Complexity management • Iterative project management

Book on Generative and Agentic AI Cites Scott M. Graffius' Work on AI

26 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

building-a-business-empire-cites-work-on-ai-by-scott-m-graffius---v2-lwres

Scott M. Graffius helps organizations achieve breakthrough performance and generate billions in business value through his leadership. Graffius and his work in AI, Agile, teamwork tradecraft (both human teams and human-AI teams, including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge with advanced AI), and temporal dynamics in social media have been featured, cited, and used by leading businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, media outlets, and others around the world. Examples include:

Adobe
American Management Association
Bayer
Boston Consulting Group (BCG)
Boston University
Cisco
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Ford
Gartner
GoDaddy
Government of Canada
Harvard Medical School
Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH
IEEE
Innovation Project Management
Johns Hopkins University
Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth
Microsoft
MSN
National Academy of Sciences
Oracle
Pinterest Inc.
Project Management Institute
Tufts University
UK Sports Institute
University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
U.S. Tennis Association
Verizon
Yale University
among many others.

That list now includes Building a Business Empire by Utilizing Generative AI: How Agentic AI Turns Retail & Logistics Startups Into Success Stories, published by NuovoNova Ltd. and authored by Marc Stanford and Carl Vincent Sutton. The book cites Graffius' article, "AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success." Excerpts are shown below.

building-a-business-empire-cites-work-on-ai-by-scott-m-graffius---v2-excerpts-lwres

building-a-business-empire-cites-work-on-ai-by-scott-m-graffius---v2-excerpts-lwres

About the authors of the book: Marc Stanford holds an MSc in Advanced Computer Science and a PhD in Natural Language Processing and has spent more than a decade exploring the transformative potential of AI technologies. Carl Vincent Sutton is a financial expert with an MBA in Investment Management and a Master of Finance in Asset Management. His career in global equity markets included rising from stockbroker to board member, most recently serving as Vice President in the Private Equity and Hedge Fund division of a U.S. investment bank.

Their book explores how generative AI and agentic AI are transforming retail and logistics by enabling personalized shopping experiences, real-time demand forecasting, supply chain optimization, and logistics automation that reduces costs and delivery times. It features case studies drawn from Walmart, Home Depot, Alibaba, Tesco, DHL, FedEx, and other companies.

Graffius' "AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success" was informed by his work on AI projects as well as research and coverage from DARPA, Exceptional Agility, IBM, IEEE, Intel, MIT, Microsoft, Nvidia, Samsung, Software Engineering Institute, Stanford University, United States Artificial Intelligence Institute, and others. The piece covers the significance of well-rounded AI teams, highlighting that both soft and technical skills are critical to success. Communication, collaboration, and leadership are a few examples of soft skills (also known as core skills, interpersonal skills, people skills, power skills, or transferable skills). AI frameworks, data science, and algorithms are a few examples of technical skills (sometimes called hard skills). Graffius wrote, "AI is a team sport that thrives on the confluence of soft skills and technical skills. By recognizing and embracing this synergy, organizations can unlock the full potential of AI, delivering innovative solutions that address real-world challenges and have a positive impact on the world."

The inclusion of Graffius' work in Building a Business Empire by Utilizing Generative AI: How Agentic AI Turns Retail & Logistics Startups Into Success Stories underscores the practical relevance of his research for entrepreneurs, executives, and other leaders building AI-enabled organizations. Links to the book and to Graffius' AI-related publications are provided in the bibliography below.

Bibliography

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Articles Index. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/articles-index.html

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Exotic Team Dynamics. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/exotic-team-dynamics.html

Graffius, S. M. (2023, May 1). AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success. ScottGraffius.com. https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/successful-ai-teams.html

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human–AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18048.49921

Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 22). Scott M. Graffius Premieres His New "Exotic Team Dynamics: Human-AI Collaboration" Talk at Corporate Event in Las Vegas. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34380.07047

Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 29). Definitions of Advanced AIs: Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10025.66402

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 19). Lessons from Unhinged AI in Fiction: What Rogue AIs in Sci-Fi Storytelling Reveal. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29673.35687

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). Navigating the Spectrum of Advanced AI – Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21284.74882

Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). This is What Happens When Advanced AI Joins Your Team [Presentation]. Corporate event, Paris, France.

Graffius, S. M. (2025, December 1). Beep Beep! Why Wile E. Coyote Is the Patron Saint of AI Failure. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35578.15048

Graffius, S. M. (2025, December 9). A Data-Driven Analysis of the Evolution of Project Management: Tasks, Trends, and AI. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25079.28328

Graffius, S. M. (2025, December 25). Navigating the Spectrum of Advanced AI – Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtGgD-0gcv8

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, March 23). Human-AI Teamwork: Master the Exotic Team Dynamics That Emerge When Collaborating with Advanced AI — Or Be Outplayed. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/human-ai-teamwork-master-the-emergent-exotic-team-dynamics-or-be-outplayed.html

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 22). L'avenir du Travail et de l'IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lavenir-du-travail-et-de-lia-avancee.html

Mercier, C. (2026, April 8). Life Sciences & M&A | Industry Intelligence [LinkedIn article]. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/life-sciences-ma-industry-intelligence-caroline-mercier-hcxue/

Patel, K. (2026, February 7). What is agentic reasoning? Learn Agentic. https://learnagentic.substack.com/p/what-is-agentic-reasoning

Skywork AI. (n.d.). AI team development stages. https://skywork.ai/slide/en/ai-team-development-stages-2033809730980769792

Stanford, M., & Sutton, C. V. (2025). Building a Business Empire by Utilizing Generative AI: How Agentic AI Turns Retail & Logistics Startups into Success Stories. NuovoNova Ltd.

TheAssistant. (2026, March 2). Les 5 Phases de Développement d'une Équipe (Modèle de Tuckman) : Guide Complet 2026. https://www.theassistant.com/news-posts/les-5-phases-de-developpement-dune-equipe-modele-de-tuckman-guide-complet-2026

building-a-business-empire-cites-work-on-ai-by-scott-m-graffius---v2-IG-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 26). Book on Generative and Agentic AI Cites Scott M. Graffius' Work on AI. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/building-a-business-empire-cites-work-on-ai-by-scott-m-graffius.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Building a Business Empire by Utilizing Generative AI: How Agentic AI Turns Retail & Logistics Startups into Success Stories book by Marc Stanford and Carl Vincent Sutton cites Scott M. Graffius’ “AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success.” The book is the property of its publisher (NuovoNova Ltd.) and authors. This article by Scott M. Graffius uses limited excerpts from the book, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis. “AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success” is copyright © Scott M. Graffius.

Tags and Hashtags

Advanced AI
Agentic AI
Artificial Intelligence
Generative AI
Logistics
Retail
Startups

#AdvancedAI
#AgenticAI
#ArtificialIntelligence
#GenerativeAI
#Logistics
#Retail
#Startups

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Advanced AI • Startups • Agentic AI • Logistics • AI Researcher • AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success • Generative AI • Retail • Artificial Intelligence

UC Davis' Integrity Is Circling the Drain

24 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

uc-davis-integrity-is-circling-the-drain---image-lwres

The bibliography includes links to materials referenced throughout this article.

Introduction

On June 17, 2026, Scott M. Graffius published an article documenting that UC Davis' 2023 and 2024 publications contained material copied from his copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. The same day, he notified UC Davis of the infringement via email and provided a link to the article. The notice identified the specific publications, included side-by-side comparisons as evidence, supplied supporting links, cited copyright ownership information embedded in the original work, and demanded UC Davis' confirmation of the removal of the infringing materials and an apology.

The compliance deadline expired on June 22, 2026. As of the time of this article on June 24, 2026, UC Davis had neither confirmed the removal of their infringing materials nor provided an apology.

Until UC Davis removes its infringing publications, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

The university’s ongoing failure raises serious questions about its commitment to the standards of academic integrity and intellectual property compliance that it publicly promotes.

Graffius presents this follow-up article to elevate visibility of this case, uphold his intellectual property rights, hold UC Davis accountable, and deter future violations.

Here's a timeline:

2019 — Graffius published his copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property.
2023 — UC Davis published material incorporating Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property.
2024 — UC Davis published another piece incorporating Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property.
June 17, 2026 — Graffius published evidence of the two UC Davis infringing publications that plagiarize and infringe his intellectual property rights, and he sent notice to UC Davis faculty/staff, administrators, and a state official.
June 22, 2026 — Deadline for UC Davis to confirm the removal of their infringing materials and provide an apology.
June 24, 2026 (the date of this article) — UC Davis has not confirmed the removal of their infringing materials nor provided an apology.

Details follow.

Background

Scott M. Graffius' June 17, 2026, article documented how UC Davis’ 2023 and 2024 publications used Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property without authorization or attribution.

Here's a comparison of content from Graffius' copyrighted 2019 work and UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication:

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Questioning”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Questioning”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Displaying eagerness”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Displaying eagerness”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing clear expectations”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Provide clear expectations”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Resistance”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Resistance”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Conflict”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Conflict”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Competition”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Competition”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging leadership”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Encourage leaders”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Reconciliation”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Members are engaged & supportive”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Members supportive”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Recognizing individual and group efforts”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Recognize one another”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Balance of task and process orientation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Balance task and process”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging group decision-making”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Group decision-making”

Here’s a comparison of content from Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted work and the infringing 2024 publication by UC Davis.

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Questioning”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Questioning”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Displaying eagerness”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Displaying eagerness”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing clear expectations”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Provide clear expectations”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Resistance”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Resistance”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Conflict”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Conflict”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Competition”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Competition”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging leadership”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Encourage leaders”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Reconciliation”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Members are engaged & supportive”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Members supportive”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Recognizing individual and group efforts”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Recognize one another”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Balance of task and process orientation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Balance task and process”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging group decision-making”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Group decision-making”

Graffius' June 17 article also delineated that:

Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."
UC Davis faculty/staff neither requested nor received permission to use Graffius' copyrighted property, yet two UC Davis publications incorporated material portions of it.
UC Davis' infringing publications failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his respective content. They did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, UC Davis faculty/staff misled others into falsely believing that UC Davis faculty/staff are the authors and owners of Graffius' intellectual property.
UC Davis' infringement has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.
UC Davis' use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not "fair use" nor otherwise allowed.
Infringement is unprofessional, unethical, immoral, disgraceful, and unlawful.
So long as UC Davis' infringing publications exist anywhere, in any form, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

Demand for Action

Graffius' June 17 article instructed UC Davis to immediately implement two actions. Here's a summary:

1. Remove the Infringing Material.

1 (a). Electronic Versions: Immediately remove the infringing material (any and all publications/products with infringement) from digital platforms where it is published, posted, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it.

1 (b). Physical Copies: If physical copies of the infringing material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution, recall any copies already distributed, and destroy (shred and recycle) copies.

2. Issue a Confirmation and Apology. Email Scott M. Graffius with confirmation of compliance with 1 (a) and 1 (b), and apologize for plagiarizing his work and violating his intellectual property rights.

Beyond the June 17 article, Graffius sent notice of this serious matter to the UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publications, members of UC Davis administration, and a state official. He notified them via email the same day. Some details are redacted.

UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publications:

Barry Curtis at b█████████@ucdavis.edu
Chris Ziemba (UC Davis email not listed, UC Davis email not found)
Keith Weissglass at k███████████@ucdavis.edu
Kelly Wilson at k███████████@ucdavis.edu
Mary Kay Vona at m███@ucdavis.edu
Marybeth Kavanagh at m████████@ucdavis.edu
Selina Laqui at s███████@ucdavis.edu

UC Davis administration:

Academic Affairs at p█████████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at b███████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at h███████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at k████████@ucdavis.edu
Dean at g████████@ucdavis.edu
Ethics at d██████████@ucdavis.edu.
Intellectual Property at k█████████@ucdavis.edu
Intellectual Property at r███████@ucdavis.edu
Research Compliance at d███████@ucdavis.edu
█████████████ at █████████@ucdavis.edu

State official:

State Auditor at S█████████@doj.ca.gov

Status

The compliance deadline expired on June 22, 2026. As of the time of this article on June 24, 2026, UC Davis had neither confirmed their removal of their infringing materials nor provided an apology.

The university’s conduct (action or lack thereof) raises serious questions about its commitment to the standards of academic integrity and intellectual property compliance that it publicly promotes.

UC Davis’ Conduct Does Not Match Its Own Standards

UC Davis publicly promotes academic integrity, proper attribution, respect for intellectual property, and compliance with copyright law. Here are some excerpts (the bibliography provides details including links):

"Plagiarism means using the words or ideas of another without giving appropriate credit."

"Plagiarism is dishonest and/or misleading, because it misrepresents work from another source as your own."

"Plagiarism violates the Code of Academic Conduct and can lead to Suspension or Dismissal."

"Plagiarism devalues others’ original work."

"Integrity also involves accepting responsibility for one's actions and the consequences of those actions."

"Furthermore, copyright violations can result in damages, fines, or worse."

Yet, after receiving clear, indisputable evidence of plagiarism and copyright infringement in two of its publications, UC Davis has failed to confirm the removal of their infringing materials nor apologize. UC Davis' conduct is inconsistent with its stated values and call into question the sincerity of its public commitments and its integrity.

UC Davis Is a Problem

Until UC Davis' removes its infringing publications, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Graffius expressly reserves all of his rights in this serious matter.

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section at the end of this piece.

Bibliography

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Public Speaker. https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html

Graffius, S. M. (2019, May 10). Phases of Team Development [Twitter post featuring the 2019 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"; also see scanFOAM]. https://x.com/ScottGraffius/status/1126788452295401474?s=20

Graffius, S. M. (2026). Rate Card for 2026. https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2026-v26010107.pdf

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 17). UC Davis Used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" Intellectual Property. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property.html

scanFOAM (2024, April 17). Experience learning | 25 years of ATACC | TBS24 [YouTube video featuring the 2019 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development."] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8kubFUC79k&t=2789s

University of California, Davis. (n.d.). Avoiding Plagiarism: Mastering the Art of Scholarship. https://studentconduct.ucdavis.edu/avoiding-plagiarism-mastering-art-scholarship

University of California, Davis. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions. https://studentconduct.ucdavis.edu/conduct/faqs

University of California, Davis. (n.d.). How to make a whistleblower report. https://compliance.ucdavis.edu/how-make-whistleblower-report

University of California, Davis. (n.d.). What is Academic Integrity? https://studentconduct.ucdavis.edu/conduct/academic-integrity

University of California, Davis. (2023, April). MGT 440 Student Handbook Integrated Management Project. [The names listed on the publication include Kelly Wilson, Marybeth Kavanagh, Keith Weissglass, Mary Kay Vona, Chris Ziemba, and Selina Laqui.] https://schedule.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/5516631/Syllabus

University of California, Davis. (2024, May). Integrated Management Project (IMP) and MGT 440 Course Objective. [The names listed on the publication include Barry Curtis, Selina Laqui, and Kelly Wilson.] https://webapps.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/6929287/Syllabus

University of California, Davis, Office of Student Conduct and Integrity. (2026). Interim UC Davis policy on student conduct and discipline: 102.01.1 UC Davis Code of Academic Conduct. University of California, Davis. https://studentconduct.ucdavis.edu/code-academic-conduct

University of California Office of the President. (2026). APM-016: University policy on faculty conduct and the administration of discipline (Rev. Jan. 29, 2026). University of California. https://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs/_files/apm/apm-016.pdf

University of California Office of the President. (2026). APM-015: The Faculty Code of Conduct (Rev. Jan. 29, 2026). University of California. https://aadocs.ucdavis.edu/policies/apm/apm-015.pdf

About Scott M. Graffius

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 24). UC Davis' Integrity Is Circling the Drain. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/uc-davis-integrity-is-circling-the-drain.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

University of California, Davis (UC Davis) name, mark, and content — except for material plagiarized from Graffius and used in violation of his intellectual property rights — are the property of The Regents of the University of California.

"MGT 440 Student Handbook Integrated Management Project," dated April 2023, except for material plagiarized from Graffius and used in violation of his intellectual property rights, is the property of UC Davis and contributors. The names of UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publication include Kelly Wilson, Marybeth Kavanagh, Keith Weissglass, Mary Kay Vona, Chris Ziemba, and Selina Laqui. Graffius' article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under the fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

"Integrated Management Project (IMP) and MGT 440 Course Objective," dated May 2024, except for material plagiarized from Graffius and used in violation of his intellectual property rights, is the property of UC Davis and contributors. The names of UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publication include Barry Curtis, Selina Laqui, and Kelly Wilson. Graffius' article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under the fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis.

#AcademicIntegrity
#Plagiarism
#IntellectualProperty
#Copyright
#UCDavis
#HigherEducation
#FacultyConduct
#StudentConduct
#TeamDevelopment
#TeamDynamics
#PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
#UniversityOfCalifornia

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Academic integrity • Gary S. May • Mary Croughan • UC Davis • Janet Reilly • James B. Milliken • UC Davis integrity is circling the drain • Intellectual property • Copyright infringement • University of California, Davis

L'avenir du Travail et de l'IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI

22 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

lavenir-du-travail-et-de-lia-avancee---graffius-99-lwres

The bibliography includes links to materials referenced throughout this article.

Introduction

On June 18, 2026, Scott M. Graffius led the session, "L'avenir du Travail et de l'IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI," at a private corporate event in the Champs-Élysées District of Paris, France. The event explored a topic that is rapidly moving from theory to practice: how people and advanced AI systems collaborate as teammates.

It marked Graffius' 99th session. To date, he's delivered talks and workshops at 99 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

Overview of the Session

Session information was presented in French and English:

Français

L'avenir du Travail et de l'IA Avancée

Naviguez les nouveaux schémas de "Dynamiques d'Équipe Exotiques" qui émergent lors de la collaboration avec une IA avancée. Guide pratique pour gérer la logique de décision inverse, les rôles en superposition, la prise de décision intriquée, les protocoles émergents, et bien plus encore. Cette session interactive inclut une collaboration avec une IA avancée agissant comme un membre actif de l'équipe.

English

Future of Work and Advanced AI

Navigate the new patterns of “exotic team dynamics” which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI. Practitioner guidance on handling inverse decision logic, superposition roles, entangled decision-making, emergent protocols, and much more. This interactive session includes collaboration with an advanced AI as an active participant.

Graffius delivered the session in English; additional details follow below.

The Evolution of Teamwork

Until recently, teamwork research focused primarily on interactions among people. Today, organizations are entering an era in which humans increasingly collaborate with AI systems capable of analyzing information, generating ideas, making recommendations, executing actions, and participating directly in workflows.

As AI capabilities expand, traditional models of teamwork are becoming insufficient on their own. With AI functioning as a teammate, new forms of collaboration are emerging — ones that challenge established assumptions about roles, authority, communication, decision-making, and coordination.

Graffius refers to these emerging patterns as “exotic team dynamics.” The term describes the distinctive interaction patterns that arise when humans collaborate with advanced AI systems operating as active contributors within a team environment.

These developments have broad implications across industries and disciplines, including knowledge work, product development, project management, innovation, operations, strategy, education, healthcare, government, and beyond.

Beyond Traditional Teams

Building on the exotic team dynamics, four novel patterns emerge in human–AI collaboration. Together, they signal a shift beyond traditional teamwork models, in which advanced AI reshapes not only tasks but also the structure, boundaries, and behavior of teams.

During the “L’avenir du Travail et de l’IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI” session, participants explored each of these four dynamics — Inverse Decision Logic, Superposition Roles, Entangled Decision-Making, and Emergent Protocols — as key expressions of this new collaborative frontier.

1. Inverse Decision Logic

In traditional teams, decisions are usually reached through reasoning that can be traced, explained, and defended. Advanced AI changes that pattern. It may produce highly valuable conclusions through pathways that are not immediately intuitive to humans, yet still prove correct when tested against the facts and the larger context.

That is the essence of inverse decision logic: a recommendation can be right even when the reasoning behind it feels unfamiliar, counterintuitive, or reversed from what a human team might expect. This reality pushes organizations to rethink how trust is built, how recommendations are evaluated, and how decisions are validated in human–AI environments.

2. Superposition Roles

In conventional teams, roles tend to be distinct and neatly separated. One person researches, another analyzes, another edits, and another advises. Advanced AI disrupts that model by being able to move across several functions at once — researcher, analyst, strategist, editor, facilitator, and advisor — often within a single exchange.

This is the power of superposition roles: one participant can inhabit multiple functions simultaneously, collapsing boundaries that once defined team structure. As a result, organizations must broaden their assumptions about specialization, responsibility, and the very architecture of collaboration.

3. Entangled Decision-Making

As human judgment and AI-generated insight become more deeply intertwined, important decisions increasingly emerge from the interaction itself. In these moments, the old question of “who originated the idea?” matters less than understanding how the combined human–AI process produced a stronger outcome.

That is entangled decision-making in action: a collaborative mode in which contributions are so interconnected that authorship, accountability, and influence cannot be cleanly separated. The challenge for leaders is to build governance models that reflect this reality rather than pretending the old single-author framework still applies.

4. Emergent Protocols

What happens when new rules appear? In human–AI teams, that typically occurs. Through repeated interaction, teams begin to develop their own norms, validation habits, escalation paths, and working routines.

These emergent protocols are the natural byproducts of collaboration maturing over time. More importantly, they can become a source of real advantage when teams observe them carefully, refine them intentionally, and shape them to support better performance.

Discussion and Demonstration

The session was intentionally interactive. Rather than discussing advanced AI solely as a topic of study, participants experienced live collaboration with an AI — a highly experimental, non-commercial advanced AI prototype — as part of the session itself.

The AI worked alongside participants in real time and demonstrated how human–AI collaboration (where the AI is advanced) can function in practice. This live interaction transformed abstract concepts into observable behavior, giving participants direct insight into both the opportunities and complexities of human–AI teamwork, including "exotic team dynamics."

Looking Ahead

The future of work will not simply involve people using AI tools. Increasingly, it will involve humans collaborating with advanced AI systems as active participants in team environments.

Organizations that understand and master these emerging dynamics will be better positioned to innovate, adapt, and compete.

Those that fail to do so risk being outpaced by teams that have learned how to effectively integrate advanced AI and the associated "exotic team dynamics" into their processes.

Graffius has generated over $2.51 billion in business value for Fortune 500 companies and other organizations around the world. Put that track record to work for you. For speaking engagements, use the request form; for other inquiries, email him.

lavenir-du-travail-et-de-lia-avancee---graffius-99-ig-lwres

Bibliography

This bibliography accompanies Scott M. Graffius’ session, “L’avenir du Travail et de l’IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI.” The session draws on Graffius’ firsthand experience in leadership, AI, and teamwork tradecraft—including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge when advanced artificial intelligence operates as a teammate—along with the sources listed below, which include selected works by Graffius. This is an extensive, though not exhaustive, compilation.

Accenture. (2025). Learning, Reinvented: Accelerating Human-AI Collaboration. Dublin, Ireland: Accenture. https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/consulting/learning-reinvented-accelerating-human-ai-collaboration
Activision Blizzard. (2022, September 9). Tackling the Talent Shortage: Identifying the Skills Critical for Game Development. https://www.activisionblizzard.com/content/atvi/activisionblizzard/ab-touchui/ab/web/en/newsroom/2022/09/tackling-the-talent-shortage.html
Adomavičiūtė-Šakė, S. (2022). Komandinio Darbo Ypatumų Analizė Virtualiose Projektų Komandose [Translation of title: Performance Measurement Features of Virtual Project Teams] [Thesis]. Lyderystės Ir Strateginio Valdymo Institutas, Mykolo Romerio Universitetas. https://gs.elaba.lt/object/elaba:116635103/
Albon, C. (2025, July 15). Pentagon Taps Four Commercial Tech Firms to Expand Military Use of AI. Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2025/07/15/pentagon-taps-four-commercial-tech-firms-to-expand-military-use-of-ai/
Alfateh, M. A. A., Messaadia, M., & Ali, M. (2023, September). Exploring the Dynamics of Team Formation in Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaboration. In 2023 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA), 384-388. DOI: 10.1109/DASA59624.2023.10286788
Alford, J. (2019, April 11). Our Co-Production Journey: From Sandpits to Bird Boxes. London, England, United Kingdom: Imperial College London.
Ali, A. J., Fuenzalida, J., Gomez, M., & Williams, M. J. (2021, June). Four Lenses on People Management in the Public Sector: An Evidence Review and Synthesis. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 37(2), 335-366.
Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). What is Quantum AI? https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/quantum-ai/
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute. (2021). APH Quality Handbook. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute.
Anduril Industries. (2025, May 29). Anduril and Meta Team Up to Transform XR for the American Military. https://www.anduril.com/article/anduril-and-meta-team-up-to-transform-xr-for-the-american-military/
Anthropic. (2025, June 12). Lesson 10: A closer look at Diligence | AI Fluency: Framework & Foundations Course [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbLf2zb3oPc
Anthropic. (2025, June 13). How We Built Our Multi-Agent Research System. Engineering at Anthropic. https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/built-multi-agent-research-system
Apple. (2025, July 24). Apple Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning 2024. Apple Machine Learning Research. https://machinelearning.apple.com/updates/hcml-workshop-2024
Arizona State University. (2025, April 4). CHIMERAS: Rethinking Human-AI Teamwork in National Security Screening. Center for Accelerating Operational Efficiency. https://caoe.asu.edu/2025/04/04/chimeras-rethinking-human-ai-teamwork-in-national-security-screening/
Asana Research Team. (2025, September 25). AI Teammates: The Future of Collaborative AI is Here. Asana Resource Center. https://asana.com/resources/ai-teammates-overview
Asimov, I. (1950). I, Robot. New York, New York, United States: Gnome Press. https://www.gnomepress.com/i-robot/
Asimov, I. (1985). Robots and Empire. New York, New York, United States: Doubleday.
ATACC Group, The. (2024). Experience Learning [Talk by emergency response physicians Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely for TBS 24 Switzerland Conference]. scanFOAM (Scandinavian Free Open Access Meducation). https://scanfoam.org/experience-learning-atacc/
Bachrach, Y., Kramár, J., Eccles, T., Gemp, I., Tacchetti, A., McKee, K. R., Malinowski, M., & Graepel, T. (2022, December 6). AI for the Board Game Diplomacy. Google DeepMind. https://deepmind.google/blog/ai-for-the-board-game-diplomacy/
Badham, J. (Director). (1983). War Games [Film]. MGM/UA Entertainment Company.
Baggott, J. (2005). Quantum Reality: The Quest for the Real Meaning of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford, England, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Bahrami, D. (2025, October 7). The New Nuclear: How the AI Race Will Rewrite the Rules of Global Conflict [Conference session]. In Offensive AI Con, Oceanside, California, United States.
Baldor, L. C. (2024, May 3). New Army PSYOP Recruiting Video Will Blow Your Mind. RealClearDefense. https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2024/05/03/new_army_psyop_recruiting_video_will_blow_your_mind_1029243.html
Bandai Namco. (n.d.). Teamwork Makes the Dream Work. https://bandainamcomobile.com/news/power-up-your-teamwork-how-bandai-namco-mobile-builds-stronger-teams
Bazer, A. (2024, June 21). Songs About Rainbows and How Teamwork Impacts Innovation. Health Facilities Management, American Hospital Association. https://www.hfmmagazine.com/articles/5009-songs-about-rainbows-and-how-teamwork-impacts-innovation
Beerly, T. (2024, May 6). Ghosts in the Machine: Irregular Recruitment for an Irregular Force. 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne) of the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC). https://www.army.mil/article/276015/ghosts_in_the_machine_irregular_recruitment_for_an_irregular_force
Bellet, C., De Neve, J.-E., & Ward, G. (2019, October 14). Does Employee Happiness Have an Impact on Productivity? (Saïd Business School WP 2019-13). SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3470734
Bengio, Y. (2024, October 30). Implications of Artificial General Intelligence on National and International Security. https://yoshuabengio.org/2024/10/30/implications-of-artificial-general-intelligence-on-national-and-international-security/
Bennett, M., Gadlin, H., & Marchand, C. (2018). Collaboration Team Science: Field Guide. Rockville, Maryland, United States: National Institutes of Health.
Berlin School of Business and Innovation. (2022, September 22). How Do Technical Abilities Combined with Leadership Skills Fuel Career Growth? https://www.berlinsbi.com/blog/career-advice/how-do-technical-abilities-combined-with-leadership-skills-fuel-career-growth
Berretta, S., Tausch, A., Ontrup, G., Gilles, B., Peifer, C., & Kluge, A. (2023, September). Defining Human-AI Teaming the Human-Centered Way: A Scoping Review and Network Analysis. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1250725. DOI:10.3389/frai.2023.1250725
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Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Exotic Team Dynamics. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/exotic-team-dynamics.html
Graffius, S. M. (2016, January 21). 2014 NSDM Publication on Leadership by National Security Affairs Professor Mary Raum Featured the 2008 Edition of Scott M. Graffius' Work on Team Development. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/nsdm-leadership.html
Graffius, S. M. (2016). Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions. North Charleston, South Carolina, United States: CreateSpace.
Graffius, S. M. (2016). Thinking Strategically and Acting Tactically. Los Angeles, California, United States: Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions.
Graffius, S. M. (2018, October 18). Agile Scrum Helps Innovators, Disruptors, and Entrepreneurs Develop and Deliver Products at Astounding Speed Which Drives Competitive Advantage [Presentation]. Talk delivered at Techstars Startup Week Conference. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25009.12647
Graffius, S. M. (2019). Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change. Scotts Valley, California, United States: CreateSpace.
Graffius, S. M. (2021). Phases of Team Development. Los Angeles, California, United States: Scott M. Graffius. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22040.42246
Graffius, S. M. (2021, February 20). But First, the Team! [Presentation]. Talk delivered at the Brno, Czech Republic DevConf.CZ 2021 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29016.72964
Graffius, S. M. (2021, May 13). But First, the Team! [Presentation]. Lecture delivered at DevOps Pro Europe 2021 Conference; based and simulcast live from Vilnius, Lithuania. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30524.36481
Graffius, S. M. (2021, June 21). DevOps and Team Leadership [Workshop]. Session at private event in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15380.22401
Graffius, S. M. (2021, September 11). Navigate the Phases of Team Development with Speed and Agility for Happier and More Productive InfoSec Teams [Presentation]. BSides NCL Newcastle upon Tyne, England 2021 InfoSec Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27961.29280
Graffius, S. M. (2021, October 5). Navigate the Phases of Team Development with Speed and Agility for Happier and More Productive Teams [Presentation]. Talk delivered at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Day 2021 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20055.19365
Graffius, S. M. (2021, November 8). Bruce Tuckman's Model (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning) is Highly Relevant and Beneficial, But It Doesn't Please Everyone. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/jobs.html
Graffius, S. M. (2021, November 10). An Error Was Introduced Into the Seventh Edition of 'A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).' Los Angeles, California, United States: Scott M. Graffius.
Graffius, S. M. (2022, February 4). Team Development Tradecraft: A Source of Competitive Advantage [Workshop]. Session at private event in Adelaide, Australia. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14092.80002
Graffius, S. M. (2022, May 13). Want Happier and More Productive DevOps Teams? [Presentation]. Talk delivered at DevOpsDays Geneva, Switzerland 2022 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22252.85127
Graffius, S. M. (2023, January 9). Use the Phases of Team Development (Based on Bruce W. Tuckman's Model of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning) to Help Teams Grow and Advance: 2023 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10720.35846
Graffius, S. M. (2023, April 26). The Science of High-Performance Teams [Presentation]. Talk delivered at the DevOps Institute's SKILup Day 2023 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15888.28169
Graffius, S. M. (2023, May 1). AI is a Team Sport: A Confluence of Diverse Technical and Soft Skills are Crucial for Success. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20321.79200
Graffius, S. M. (2023, May 1). Fueling the Development of Innovative and Life-Changing AI Solutions [Presentation]. Talk delivered to an audience of Technology professionals at a private event in Mountain View, California, United States. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27956.73601
Graffius, S. M. (2023, June 29). What Successful AI Teams Have in Common [Presentation]. Talk delivered at Conf42 Quantum Computing 2023 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29382.45120
Graffius, S. M. (2023, July 15). Successful Video Game Development Teams Leverage an Extensive Range of Hard Skills and Soft Skills. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31205.17124
Graffius, S. M. (2023, October 9). Top 5 Roles on AI Teams. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34857.57449
Graffius, S. M. (2023, October 13). The Science of High-Performance Game Development Teams [Presentation]. Talk delivered at the W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference 2023 - Helsinki, Finland. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28602.16326
Graffius, S. M. (2024, January 5). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development: 2024 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28629.40168
Graffius, S. M. (2024, April 5). Cisco Features Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Work'. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16689.60000
Graffius, S. M. (2024, May 3). Leverage Agile and AI to Innovate at the Speed of Light. Talk at private event in Dubai, UAE. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30790.48960
Graffius, S. M. (2024, May 21). The Wild World of Team Dynamics: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD4-XueiB1k
Graffius, S. M. (2024, May 21). What Successful AI Development Teams Have in Common. Talk at DevDays Europe 2024 Conference. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24313.07529
Graffius, S. M. (2024, December 2). Hochschule Coburg (Coburg University) Germany Uses Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development IP in Coursework on Agile Development. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21272.00002
Graffius, S. M. (2025). Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum. Seattle, Washington, United States: Amazon Digital Services.
Graffius, S. M. (2025, January 7). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development: 2025 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33705.30564
Graffius, S. M. (2025, January 24). When Agile, AI, and Strategic Thinking Converge. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/when-agile-ai-and-strategic-thinking-converge.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, March 16). U.S. Soccer Scores with Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property on Teamwork. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/u-s-soccer-scores-with-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property-on-teamwork.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, May 13). Scott M. Graffius Delivering $2.3 Billion in Value Through AI, Agile, and Project/PMO Leadership. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/scott-m-graffius-delivering-2-point-3-billion-dollars-in-impact-for-organizations.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, July 18). Harness Sci-Fi and Speculative Design While Embracing Imperfection to Drive Innovation and Proactively Predict and Prepare for the Future. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/harness-scifi-and-speculative-design-while-embracing-imperfection-to-drive-innovation-and-proactively-predict-and-prepare-for-the-future.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 7). Method and System for Facilitating Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence Teams via a Protocolized Mediation Layer for Bi-Directional Translation, Interpretation, and Optimization of Natural Language, Paralinguistic, Prosodic, and Nonverbal Cues Across Text, Audio, and Video Modalities, Incorporating Real-Time Analysis of Auditory Tone, Pitch, Affect, Facial Expressions, Gaze, Posture, and Other Body Language Indicators, Generating AI-Compatible Representations for Human Inputs, Generating Human-Accessible Representations for AI Outputs, Conveying Context-Aware Information in Both Directions, Reducing Cognitive Friction, Enhancing Mutual Intelligibility, Supporting Decision-Making, and Maximizing Collective Task Performance. A novel integration of multimodal communication, cognitive alignment, and human-AI interaction. Los Angeles, California, United States: Scott M. Graffius.
Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 8). Exotic Team Dynamics: The New Frontier of Human-AI Collaboration. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/exotic-team-dynamics.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, August 22). Scott M. Graffius Premieres His New "Exotic Team Dynamics: Human-AI Collaboration" Talk at Corporate Event in Las Vegas. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34380.07047
Graffius, S. M. (2025, September 12). Scott M. Graffius’ Insights on AI, Agile, Gaming, XR, and Defense Transformation Cited by MSN in Their Coverage of Innovation and Leadership in the Sector. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/msn-cites-scott-m-graffius-insights-on-ai.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 24). HAN University of Applied Sciences Features the Work of Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/han-university-features-scott-m-graffius.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, October 29). Definitions of Advanced AIs: Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/advanced-ai-definitions.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 19). Lessons from Unhinged AI in Fiction: What Rogue AIs in Sci-Fi Storytelling, Films, and TV Shows Reveal About Us. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lessons-from-unhinged-ai-in-fiction.html
Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). Navigating the Spectrum of Advanced AI – Agentic, Autonomous, and Autopoietic. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21284.74882
Graffius, S. M. (2025, November 21). This is What Happens When Advanced AI Joins Your Team [Presentation; French translation for contextual clarity: Voici ce qui se passe lorsque l’IA avancée rejoint votre équipe]. Talk delivered in English at a corporate event, Paris, France.
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About Scott M. Graffius

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 22). L'avenir du Travail et de l'IA Avancée / Future of Work and Advanced AI. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lavenir-du-travail-et-de-lia-avancee.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Tags and Hashtags

Tags (French)

Avenir du travail
IA avancée
Intelligence artificielle
Dynamiques d'équipe exotiques
Collaboration humain-IA
Transformation organisationnelle
Innovation
Travail en équipe
Phases de Développement des Équipes
Gestion du changement
Logique de décision inverse
Rôles en superposition
Prise de décision intriquée
Protocoles émergents

Tags (English)

Future of Work
Advanced AI
Artificial Intelligence
Exotic Team Dynamics
Human-AI Collaboration
Organizational Transformation
Innovation
Leadership
Teamwork
Phases of Team Development
Change Management
Inverse Decision Logic
Superposition Roles
Entangled Decision-Making
Emergent Protocols

Hashtags (French)

#AvenirDuTravail
#IAAvancee
#IntelligenceArtificielle
#DynamiquesDEquipeExotiques
#CollaborationHumainIA
#TransformationOrganisationnelle
#Innovation
#Leadership
#TravailDEquipe
#PhasesDeDeveloppementDesEquipes
#GestionDuChangement
#LogiqueDeDecisionInverse
#RolesEnSuperposition
#PriseDeDecisionIntriquee
#ProtocolesEmergents

Hashtags (English)

#FutureOfWork
#AdvancedAI
#ArtificialIntelligence
#ExoticTeamDynamics
#HumanAI
#HumanAICollaboration
#Innovation
#Leadership
#Teamwork
#PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
#ChangeManagement
#InverseDecisionLogic
#SuperpositionRoles
#EntangledDecisionMaking
#EmergentProtocols

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Avenir du travail • IA avancée • Organizational Transformation • Exotic Team Dynamics • Artificial Intelligence • Advanced AI • Emergent Protocols • Entangled Decision-Making • Superposition Roles • Inverse Decision Logic • Change Management • Phases of Team Development • Innovation • Teamwork • Future of Work • Protocoles émergents • Prise de décision intriquée • Rôles en superposition • Logique de décision inverse • Gestion du changement • Phases de Développement des Équipes • Travail en équipe • Leadership • Innovation • Transformation organisationnelle • Collaboration humain-IA • Dynamiques d'équipe exotiques • Intelligence artificielle

NCCI / UNC Chapel Hill Publication Features Scott M. Graffius' Work

20 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---lwres

Source information and links for materials referenced in this article are provided in the bibliography section.

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section at the end of this piece.

Introduction

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill) is one of the oldest and most storied public universities in the United States. Founded in 1789, it is a flagship research institution with a global reputation and is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities. UNC Chapel Hill's academic community operates under institutional policies and an honor code premised on the conviction that honesty, trust, and respect for others' works are essential. The institution's stated values are clear. The problem is that UNC Chapel Hill has not lived up to them.

In 2022, UNC Chapel Hill's Vice Chancellor for Research, Terry Magnuson — the institution's own senior official charged with overseeing research integrity — admitted to plagiarizing text in a federal NIH grant application. The U.S. Office of Research Integrity (ORI), a federal watchdog agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, found that Magnuson had "intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly plagiarized" text from multiple sources and submitted it as part of his grant application. The finding was reported by Retraction Watch, Inside Higher Ed, Plagiarism Today, Times Higher Education, and others. Magnuson subsequently resigned from his vice chancellor position. The episode was widely described as a serious breach of research integrity — and an institutional embarrassment — at a university that brands itself on academic excellence and ethical conduct.

Another chapter unfolded in the troubling story: a UNC Chapel Hill / NCCI 2025 publication by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken, Senior Transformation Managers at UNC Chapel Hill, plagiarized and violated another's intellectual property rights. The infringement is unprofessional, disgraceful, immoral, unethical, and unlawful.

The Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI) is a higher education consortium that exists, by its own description, to foster innovation, drive organizational transformation, and build professional capacity across member institutions. It draws together leaders from universities across the country, united by the shared purpose of advancing the higher education community. Participation in such a network carries an expectation of professional and ethical conduct.

This article is about the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill infringing 2025 publication, "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success" by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken. It plagiarized Scott M. Graffius' 2023 copyrighted "Phases of Team Development" work and violated his intellectual property rights. This situation requires awareness, transparency, and action. Accordingly, Graffius presents evidence to document the plagiarism and infringement, uphold his intellectual property rights, hold the involved parties accountable, and deter future violations.

Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" Intellectual Property

Graffius is a global leader in teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development. First introduced in 2008 and periodically updated, his novel work provides a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. It provides actionable insights for leaders across industries to advance the effectiveness of teams.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, and others around the world have featured and used Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
DevOps Institute,
Government of Finland,
Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH,
IEEE,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Microsoft,
Oracle,
Technical University of Munich,
Torrens University,
Tufts University,
UK Sports Institute,
United States National Park Service,
United States Tennis Association,
University of California at San Diego (UCSD),
University of Waterloo,
Warsaw University of Technology,
Yale University, and
many others.

Its adoption highlights its utility and value as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

Organizations engage Graffius to develop and deliver compelling, unforgettable talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

Armenia,
Australia,
Brazil,
Canada,
Czech Republic,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Hong Kong,
Hungary,
India,
Ireland,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Nepal,
Netherlands,
New Zealand,
Norway,
Romania,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom,
and the United States.

Graffius’ "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are here and here, respectively.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill 2025 Publication by McRae and Sengstaken Plagiarized Graffius' 2023 Work and Violated His Intellectual Property Rights

As noted above, Scott M. Graffius first introduced his intellectual property in 2008, and he periodically updates it. The 2023 edition was the version plagiarized and exploited in violation of his intellectual property rights. Details follow.

Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2023 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2023 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

There was no request to use Graffius' copyrighted property in the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill publication, nor did Graffius provide permission.

Nevertheless, the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill infringing 2025 "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success" publication by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken used Graffius' copyrighted 2023 property.

The following exhibit shows Graffius' copyrighted 2023 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property (also shown at https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/teams-2023.html and https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10720.35846 and other locations) and excerpts from NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's 2025 infringing publication by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken (the known locations are https://ncci-cu.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/01.15.25-NCCI-Team-Collaboration.pdf and https://ncci-cu.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/NCCI-Profile-2025.pdf - which lists the infringing "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success" as part of the "Power60s" online education program). The locations of the infringing online training are unknown to Graffius but known to NCCI.

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---exhibit-1-lwres

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---exhibit-1-lwres

The names listed on the infringing 2025 "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success" publication include:

Georgia McRae, Senior Transformation Manager, UNC Chapel Hill
Nick Sengstaken, Senior Transformation Manager, UNC Chapel Hill

Additionally, the publication is marked with or references several organizations:

Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill)

(UNC) Operational Excellence
Consortium for Advanced Practice Providers
Prosci
IDEO

The NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill infringing 2025 publication used much of Graffius’ 2023 copyright content word-for-word. In further evidence of apparent knowing and willful violation, the authors seemed to attempt to conceal the deceit by slightly altering certain words. For example, “Encouraging collective decision-making and problem-solving” was changed to “Encourage collective decision-making & problem-solving”; in full context, their use is still plagiarism and infringement. A visual follows.

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---exhibit-2-lwres

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---exhibit-2-lwres

In addition to the visual above, here’s a comparison of content from Graffius’ 2023 copyrighted work and the infringing 2025 NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill publication authored by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken.

🟢 Scott M. Graffius' copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Displaying eagerness”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Eager”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Socializing”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Socializing”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Generally polite tone”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Generally polite tone”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Sticking to safe topics”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Sticking to safe topics”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Some anxiety”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Anxious”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Some resistance”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Some resistance”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Lack of participation”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Lack of participation”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Conflict”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Conflict”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Competition”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Competition”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Requesting and encouraging feedback”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Request and encourage feedback”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Building trust by honoring commitments”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Build trust by honoring commitments”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Developing cohesion”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Developing cohesion”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Engaged”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Engaged”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Supportive”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Supportive”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Relief”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Relief”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Lowered anxiety”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Lowered anxiety”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “High motivation”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “High motivation”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Trust”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Trust”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Empathy”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Empathy”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Effectively producing deliverables”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Effectively producing deliverables”

🟢 Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted 2023 property includes: “Encouraging collective decision-making and problem-solving”
🔴 Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken 2025 publication: “Encourage collective decision-making & problem-solving”

The NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication used a material amount, including the heart of, Graffius’ 2023 copyrighted property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his content. It did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, its authors misled others — including the public, as the publication was available without restriction on the internet — into falsely believing that the authors of the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication are the owners of Graffius' intellectual property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication's use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not "fair use" nor otherwise allowed.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication violated Graffius' intellectual property rights.

The infringement is disgraceful, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, and unlawful.

So long as the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill infringing publication exists anywhere, in any form, the authors, publisher(s), and other involved parties continue to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

Evidence has been preserved.

Conclusion, Including Demand for Accountability

Scott M. Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2023 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2023 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

There was no request to use Graffius' copyrighted property in the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill publication, nor did Graffius provide permission.

Nevertheless, Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken, Senior Transformation Managers at UNC Chapel Hill and authors of the 2025 infringing publication "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success," used protected material from Graffius' copyrighted 2023 intellectual property without authorization or attribution, thereby committing plagiarism and infringing his intellectual property rights.

The NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication used a material amount, including the heart of, Graffius’ 2023 copyrighted property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his 2023 content. It did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, its authors misled others — including the public, as the publication was available without restriction on the internet — into falsely believing that the authors of the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing 2025 publication are the owners of Graffius' 2023 intellectual property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication's use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not "fair use" nor otherwise allowed.

NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill's infringing publication violated Graffius' intellectual property rights.

The infringement is disgraceful, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, and unlawful.

So long as the NCCI/UNC Chapel Hill infringing material by Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken exists anywhere, in any form, the authors, publisher(s), and other involved parties continue to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

The involved parties must immediately implement the following two (2) actions:

1. Cease All Use. Remove the Infringing Material.

1 (a). Electronic Versions: Cease all use. Immediately remove the infringing material (any and all publications/products with infringement) from digital platforms where it is published, posted, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it. This must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 20 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

1 (b). Physical Copies: Cease all use. If physical copies of the infringing material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution, recall any copies already distributed, and destroy (shred and recycle) copies. This must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 20 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

2. Issue a Confirmation and Apology. Email Scott M. Graffius with confirmation of compliance with 1 (a) and 1 (b), and apologize for plagiarizing his work and violating his intellectual property rights. The apology will not minimize, mischaracterize, or otherwise downplay the plagiarism and infringement; any such conduct will demonstrate bad faith. This must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 20 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

Copyrights protect the intellectual property rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Mr. Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. He expressly reserves his rights in this matter.

Notice

Beyond this article, Graffius sent notice of this serious matter to the names and organizations listed on the infringing publication. He notified the following via email (some details below are redacted).

Authors of the Infringing Publication

Georgia McRae - g████████@unc.edu
Nick Sengstaken - n█████████████@unc.edu

The Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI)

Amy Morgan - a███████@ncci-cu.org
Andrea Androuais - a█████████s@wustl.edu
Angela Song - a██████@ucsd.edu
Antonio Nava - a██████@ucsd.edu
Brandon Gaines - b███████@princeton.edu
Brian Fodrey - b████████@andrew.cmu.edu
Christian Van Horn - c████████@ncci-cu.org
Christina Blackman - c█████████n@ucdavis.edu
Cindy Moscrip - c████████@purdue.edu
Info - i███@ncci-cu.org
Jeremy Bean - j█████████████@psu.edu
Joseph Drasin - j████████@umd.edu
Josh Barnes - j███████@clemson.edu
Justin Rudisille - j████████@ncci-cu.org
Karen Keith - k████████@ncci-cu.org
Kim-Marie Jenkins - k████████@maine.edu
Maureen Knight-Burrell - m████████@northwestern.edu
Ralph Gigliotti - r██████████@rutgers.edu
Sarah Fidelibus - s█████████████@ucsf.edu
Scott Siler - s███@nd.edu
Scott Staelgraeve - s███████@umich.edu
Stacey Bradley - s████████@sc.edu
William Nelson - n████████@vcu.edu

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill)

Amy Grau - a███████@unc.edu
Conduct - s███████████@unc.edu
Dedric Carter - d█████████@unc.edu
Internal Audit - i███████████@northcarolina.edu
Jim Dean - p███████@unc.edu
Kevin Best - k███████████@unc.edu
Loretta Hester - l███████.hester@unc.edu
Michael Barker - m███████████@unc.edu
Mike Andreasen - m███████████@unc.edu
Peter Hans - p████████@northcarolina.edu
Policy - p███████@unc.edu
Timothy Kundro - t████████@kenan-flagler.unc.edu

(UNC) Operational Excellence

Rick Wernoski - w████████@email.unc.edu

Consortium for Advanced Practice Providers

Info - i███@apppostgradtraining.com
Kerry Bamrick - k█████████@apppostgradtraining.com
Shay Etheridge - s███████████@apppostgradtraining.com

Prosci

Contact - g████████████████@prosci.com
Contact - s███████████@prosci.com

IDEO

IDEO Contact - w████████@ideo.com
IDEO Info - i█████████@ideo.org
IDEOU Info - i████████@ideou.com

Updates

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section at the end of this piece.

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---ig-lwres

ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius---ig-lwres

Bibliography

Bailey, J. (2022, March 14). UNC-Chapel Hill vice chancellor resigns after admitting plagiarism. Plagiarism Today. https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2022/03/14/unc-chapel-hill-vice-chancellor-resigns-after-admitting-plagiarism/

Basken, P. (2022, March 11). UNC research chief steps down over plagiarism charge. Times Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/unc-research-chief-steps-down-over-plagiarism-charge

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Public Speaker. https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html

Graffius, S. M. (2023, January 9). Use the Phases of Team Development (Based on Bruce W. Tuckman's Model of Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning) to Help Teams Grow and Advance: 2023 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/teams-2023.html and https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10720.35846

Graffius, S. M. (2026). Rate Card for 2026. https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2026-v26010107.pdf

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

Greenberg, S. H. (2022, March 9). UNC vice chancellor for research cited for plagiarism. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2022/03/10/unc-vice-chancellor-research-cited-plagiarism

Michaels, W., DeWitt, D., & Jurney, J. (2022, March 9). UNC vice chancellor resigns following report that said he plagiarized part of a grant application. WUNC News. https://www.wunc.org/2022-03-09/federal-investigation-finds-unc-ch-vice-chancellor-for-research-plagiarized-part-of-a-grant-application

Oransky, I. (2022, March 8). UNC-Chapel Hill vice chancellor admits to plagiarism. Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/2022/03/08/unc-chapel-hill-vice-chancellor-admits-to-plagiarism/

McRae, G., & Sengstaken, N. (2025, January 15). Setting Your Project Team Up for Success [PDF]. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill). Published at the Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI). https://ncci-cu.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/01.15.25-NCCI-Team-Collaboration.pdf

Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI). (2025). Network for Change and Continuous Innovation in Higher Education: Profile 2025 [PDF]. This lists "Setting Your Project Team Up for Success" as part of the "Power60s" Online Education Program. https://ncci-cu.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/NCCI-Profile-2025.pdf and the locations of the infringing online training are unknown to Graffius but known to NCCI.

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 20). NCCI / UNC Chapel Hill Publication Features Scott M. Graffius' Work. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/ncci-unc-chapel-hill-features-scott-m-graffius.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

The “Setting Your Project Team Up for Success” publication, dated January 15, 2025, is marked with several names and organizations — including authors Georgia McRae and Nick Sengstaken, the Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill), the Consortium for Advanced Practice Providers, Prosci, and IDEO. It features Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted January 9, 2023 “Phases of Team Development” work. Names and marks are the property of their respective owners. “Setting Your Project Team Up for Success,” except for material plagiarized from Graffius’ copyrighted work and used in violation of his intellectual property rights, is the property of its authors/owners. Graffius' article on this case includes limited excerpts from “Setting Your Project Team Up for Success,” attributed and used under the fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis. Graffius’ “Phases of Team Development” is copyrighted © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Tags and Hashtags

Ethics scandal at UNC Chapel Hill under watch of Chancellor Lee H. Roberts
Academic ethics and accountability
Academic integrity
Consortium for Advanced Practice Providers
Copyright infringement
UNC Chapel Hill Senior Transformation Manager Georgia McRae caught plagiarizing and violating another's intellectual property rights
UNC Chapel Hill Senior Transformation Manager Nick Sengstaken caught plagiarizing and violating another's intellectual property rights
Higher education governance
IDEO
Intellectual property
Phases of Team Development
Plagiarism
Prosci
The Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI)
UNC Chapel Hill
UNC Operational Excellence
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Scandal at UNC Chapel Hill

#AcademicIntegrity
#Copyright
#HigherEducation
#IDEO
#IntellectualProperty
#NCCI
#PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
#Plagiarism
#Prosci
#TeamDevelopment
#UNCChapelHill

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Supplement on June 22, 2026

As a recap, this serious case requires awareness, transparency, and action. Accordingly, Scott M. Graffius presented evidence via this article to document the plagiarism and infringement, uphold his intellectual property rights, hold the involved parties accountable, and deter future violations. As detailed in the article, Graffius also notified the involved, interested, and potentially interested parties about the case by email.

Additionally, to elevate visibility, he subsequently wrote about the case on LinkedIn, Instagram, X, Facebook, and other platforms.

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Update on June 24, 2026

On June 24, 2026, Scott M. Graffius received an email from Justin Rudisille, Executive Director, The Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI). Here's an excerpt from his email:

"... on behalf of NCCI, I am writing to confirm that the resource library entries and associated documents from the “Setting Your Project Team Up for Success” presentation have been fully deleted from the NCCI website and media storage."

A screen shot of the email, inclusive of redactions, is below.

screen-shot-of-email-from-rudisille---lwres

screen-shot-of-email-from-rudisille---lwres

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Update 1 on June 25, 2026

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill) has not yet apologized for the plagiarism and copyright infringement. The absence of an apology or acknowledgment of responsibility raises questions about the university's commitment to accountability and academic integrity.

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Update 2 on June 25, 2026

Scott M. Graffius forwarded the details on this case to Lee H. Roberts, Chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill). Here's an excerpt from the email:

"I am notifying you of this scandal at your institution and the need for accountability."

A screen shot of the email is shown below.

email-to-chancellor-lee-h-roberts---lwres

email-to-chancellor-lee-h-roberts---lwres

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Update on June 28, 2026

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC Chapel Hill) has not yet apologized for the plagiarism and copyright infringement. The absence of an apology or acknowledgment of responsibility raises serious concerns about accountability and integrity.

The University of North Carolina Board of Governors has oversight authority over the institutions within the University of North Carolina System, including the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The University of North Carolina System website at https://www.northcarolina.edu/apps/bog/members.htm specifies, "To contact any member of the University of North Carolina Board of Governors, please email public@bog.northcarolina.edu."

A screen shot is below.

screen-shot-1-june-28-2026---lwres

Scott M. Graffius notified the Board of Governors accordingly about the case via email. Here's an excerpt from the email:

"I am notifying you of this disgraceful scandal at UNC Chapel Hill and the need for accountability. You—individually and collectively—are now on notice."

A screen shot of the email is shown below.

screen-shot-2-june-28-2026---lwres

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Copyright

Tags: Academic ethics and accountability • Academic integrity • Scandal at UNC Chapel Hill • University of North Carolina Board of Governors • Ethics scandal at UNC Chapel Hill under watch of Chancellor Lee H. Roberts • Nick Sengstaken caught plagiarizing • Georgia McRae caught plagiarizing • Nick Sengstaken plagiarized another's copyrighted property • Georgia McRae plagiarized another's copyrighted property • Nick Sengstaken committed plagiarism and infringed on another's intellectual property rights • Georgia McRae committed plagiarism and infringed on another's intellectual property rights • Nick Sengstaken, Senior Transformation Manager at UNC Chapel Hill, plagiarized and violated another's intellectual property rights • Georgia McRae, Senior Transformation Manager at UNC Chapel Hill, plagiarized and violated another's intellectual property rights • Georgia McRae • IDEO • Higher education governance • Copyright infringement • Intellectual property • Nick Sengstaken • UNC Chapel Hill • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill • UNC Operational Excellence • The Network for Change and Continuous Innovation (NCCI) • Plagiarism • Prosci • Phases of Team Development • Consortium for Advanced Practice Providers

Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Features Scott M. Graffius' Research on Social Media Content Half-Life

18 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

bcg-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius---blog header lwres

Introduction

Scott M. Graffius helps organizations achieve breakthrough performance and generate billions in business value through his leadership in AI, Agile, teamwork, and project, program, portfolio, and PMO management. A widely recognized authority, he is known for groundbreaking contributions to the teamwork tradecraft of both human teams and human-AI teams, including the "exotic team dynamics" that emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate. His "Phases of Team Development" and his research on temporal dynamics in social media, notably his "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts," are highly influential, widely adopted, and frequently cited works.

Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Features Graffius' Work

Graffius’ work has been used by leading businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, media outlets, and others. Examples include Buffer, Business Next, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, GoDaddy, Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth, Ministère de la Culture, Neal Schaffer, Pinterest Inc., Podcasting Strategy Show, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Telecommunications Policy, Xavier Degraux, and many more.

The list now includes the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), one of the world’s leading management consulting firms and a member of the prestigious "Big Three" alongside McKinsey & Company and Bain & Company. In their article, “The Media Executive’s Guide to AI, Content, and Winning the New Audience,” BCG authors Nathan Micon, Neal Zuckerman, and Ruhama Quadir cite Graffius’ “Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026," drawing on its findings on the temporal patterns of audience attention. Excerpts are shown below.

bcg-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

bcg-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius---excerpts-lwres

Graffius’ respective 2026 work stands out for its:

◾️ Scope (5.6 million posts),
◾️ Coverage (11 platforms),
◾️ Methodology (multi-source, representative, data-driven),
◾️ Continuity (annual updates), and
◾️ Value (actionable insights).

A visual from it is shown next.

BCG's use of Graffius' research further demonstrates its practical relevance and broad impact on understanding audience attention, content lifespan, and social media strategy.

Links to BCG's article and Graffius' research are in the bibliography section of this article.

Bibliography

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

Micon, N., Zuckerman, N., & Quadir, R. (2026, April 24). The Media Executive's Guide to AI, Content, and Winning the New Audience [LinkedIn article]. Boston Consulting Group (BCG). https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/media-executives-guide-ai-content-winning-new-audience-nathan-micon-v0odf/

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 18). Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Features Scott M. Graffius' Research on Social Media Content Half-Life. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bcg-highlights-research-by-scott-m-graffius.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

"The Media Executive’s Guide to AI, Content, and Winning the New Audience" by Nathan Micon, Neal Zuckerman, and Ruhama Quadir of Boston Consulting Group (BCG) features Scott M. Graffius’ "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research. That work is the property of its authors and BCG and is reproduced here only in limited part. BCG name and mark are the property of BCG. This piece by Graffius includes limited excerpts from the BCG article, attributed and used under the fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis. "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Social Media Research

#AudienceEngagement
#AudienceAttention
#BCG
#BostonConsultingGroup
#ContentDecay
#ContentLifespan
#ContentMarketing
#ContentStrategy
#DigitalMarketing
#HalfLifeOfContent
#Innovation
#LifespanOfSocialMediaPosts
#Media
#MediaExecutive
#MediaResearch
#SocialMedia
#SocialMediaAnalytics
#SocialMediaHalfLife
#SocialMediaMarketing
#SocialMediaResearch

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Audience Engagement • Audience Attention • Media Research • Social Media Research • Social Media Marketing • Social Media Half-Life • Social Media HalfLife • Social Media Analytics • Social Media • Media Executive • Innovation • Media • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts • Digital Marketing • Half-Life of Content • HalfLife of Content • Content Lifespan • Content Strategy • Content Marketing • BCG • Content Decay • Boston Consulting Group

UC Davis Used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" Intellectual Property

17 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---lwres

A Tale of Two Standards: The Integrity Gap

The University of California, Davis (UC Davis) is a research institution with enrollment of more than 41,000 students, professional schools, and a global reputation for academic excellence. It has long prided itself on a culture of honesty and integrity. That culture is embodied in the UC Davis Code of Academic Conduct, which places shared responsibility for upholding academic integrity on students, faculty/staff, and administration alike. It is a culture the university holds up as a cornerstone of everything it does.

So what happens when individuals at UC Davis are found to have repeatedly plagiarized the work of another person and violated that person's intellectual property rights?

The answer depends entirely on who you are.

If you are a student, the answer is swift and serious. The UC Davis Code of Academic Conduct is enforced by a dedicated body — the Office of Student Conduct and Integrity — with centralized authority, consistent procedures, and documented consequences. Students found responsible for plagiarism face sanctions ranging from censure and probation to suspension or permanent dismissal from the entire University of California system. Repeat offenses escalate consequences.

If you are a faculty/staff member, the answer is something else entirely. Faculty/staff misconduct is governed by a separate, faculty-controlled process rooted in UC Davis Academic Personnel Manual Section 016 (APM-016) and administered through the Committee on Privilege and Tenure — a body composed of faculty/staff peers. The process is slow, opaque, and self-regulating. There is no dedicated enforcement office with equivalent authority or urgency. Reaching any formal disciplinary outcome requires navigating a multi-stage internal process — a charges review, a probable cause determination, and a formal hearing — all operating largely out of public view and largely governed by the same professional class being investigated.

This is a deliberate double standard. The UC Davis Code of Academic Conduct states plainly that plagiarism devalues others' original work, that it is wrong to take or use an author's work without giving the owner the credit due, and that copyright violations can result in damages, fines, or worse. These standards should be for every member of the academic community, students and faculty/staff alike. When an institution demands integrity from its students while shielding its faculty/staff behind a slow, insular, and largely invisible accountability process, it betrays its own values.

This article is about UC Davis faculty/staff repeatedly plagiarizing Scott M. Graffius' copyrighted work and violating his intellectual property rights — conduct that is unprofessional, disgraceful, immoral, unethical, and unlawful. Graffius presents the details including undeniable evidence here to uphold his intellectual property rights, hold UC Davis accountable, and deter future violations.

Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" Intellectual Property

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
DevOps Institute,
Erste Group Bank AG,
Ford Motor Company,
Government of Finland,
Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH,
IEEE,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Microsoft,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Technical University of Munich,
Torrens University,
Tufts University,
U.S. National Park Service,
U.S. Tennis Association,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway,
University of Waterloo,
Warsaw University of Technology,
Yale University, and
many others.

Its adoption highlights its utility and value, solidifying its status as an indispensable resource for elevating team performance and driving organizational excellence. In 2026, Graffius added human-AI teamwork—including the "exotic team dynamics" which emerge when advanced AI collaborates as a teammate—to his "Phases of Team Development."

Organizations engage Graffius to develop and deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

Armenia,
Australia,
Brazil,
Canada,
Czech Republic,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Hong Kong,
Hungary,
India,
Ireland,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Nepal,
Netherlands,
New Zealand,
Norway,
Romania,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom,
and the United States.

Graffius’ "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2026-v26010107.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

UC Davis Faculty/Staff Repeatedly Plagiarized Graffius' Work and Violated His Intellectual Property Rights

As noted above, Scott M. Graffius first introduced his respective intellectual property in 2008 and he periodically updates it. The 2019 edition was the version UC Davis faculty/staff repeatedly plagiarized and exploited in violation of Graffius' intellectual property rights.

UC Davis' Infringing 2023 Publication

Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

UC Davis faculty/staff did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

Nevertheless, UC Davis' infringing 2023 "MGT 440 Student Handbook Integrated Management Project" publication used Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property.

The following exhibit shows Graffius' copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property (also shown at https://x.com/ScottGraffius/status/1126788452295401474?s=20 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8kubFUC79k&t=2789s and other locations) and excerpts from UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication (the known location is https://schedule.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/5516631/Syllabus).

The names of UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing 2023 publication include:

Kelly Wilson,
Marybeth Kavanagh,
Keith Weissglass,
Mary Kay Vona,
Chris Ziemba, and
Selina Laqui.

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-1a-lwres

As shown, UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication used Graffius’ 2019 copyright content mostly word-for-word. In further evidence of knowing and willful violation, UC Davis faculty/staff appeared to attempt to conceal the deceit by slightly altering certain words. For example, UC Davis faculty/staff changed "providing clear expectations" to "provide clear expectations"; in full context, their use is still plagiarism and infringement. A visual follows.

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-1b-lwres

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-1b-lwres

In addition to the visual above, here’s a comparison of content from Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted work and the infringing 2023 publication by UC Davis.

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Questioning”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Questioning”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Displaying eagerness”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Displaying eagerness”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing clear expectations”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Provide clear expectations”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Resistance”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Resistance”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Conflict”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Conflict”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Competition”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Competition”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging leadership”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Encourage leaders”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Reconciliation”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Members are engaged & supportive”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Members supportive”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Recognizing individual and group efforts”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Recognize one another”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Balance of task and process orientation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Balance task and process”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging group decision-making”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication has this: “Group decision-making”

The UC Davis infringing 2023 publication used a material amount and the heart of Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted property.

UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his respective content. It did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, UC Davis faculty/staff misled others — including the public, as the publication was available without restriction on the Internet — into falsely believing that UC Davis faculty/staff are the authors and owners of Graffius' intellectual property.

UC Davis' infringement has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

UC Davis' use of Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor otherwise allowed.

UC Davis blatantly plagiarized Graffius' work and infringed on his intellectual property rights.

UC Davis faculty/staff conduct is disgraceful, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, and unlawful.

So long as UC Davis' infringing 2023 publication exists anywhere, in any form, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

Evidence has been preserved.

UC Davis' Infringing 2024 Publication

Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

UC Davis faculty/staff did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

Nevertheless, UC Davis' infringing 2024 "Integrated Management Project (IMP) and MGT 440 Course Objective" publication used Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property.

The following exhibit shows Graffius' copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property (also shown at https://x.com/ScottGraffius/status/1126788452295401474?s=20 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8kubFUC79k&t=2789s and other locations) and excerpts from UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication (the known location is https://webapps.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/6929287/Syllabus).

The names of UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing 2024 publication include:

Barry Curtis,
Selina Laqui, and
Kelly Wilson.

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-2a-lwres

As shown, UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication used Graffius’ 2019 copyright content mostly word-for-word. In further evidence of knowing and willful violation, UC Davis faculty/staff appeared to attempt to conceal the deceit by slightly altering certain words. For example, UC Davis faculty/staff changed "providing clear expectations" to "provide clear expectations"; in full context, their use is still plagiarism and infringement. A visual follows.

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-2b-lwres

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---exhibits-2b-lwres

In addition to the visual above, here’s a comparison of content from Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted work and the infringing 2024 publication by UC Davis.

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Questioning”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Questioning”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Displaying eagerness”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Displaying eagerness”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing clear expectations”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Provide clear expectations”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Resistance”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Resistance”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Conflict”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Conflict”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Competition”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Competition”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging leadership”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Encourage leaders”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Reconciliation”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Members are engaged & supportive”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Members supportive”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Recognizing individual and group efforts”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Recognize one another”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Balance of task and process orientation”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Balance task and process”

🟢 Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging group decision-making”
🔴 UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication has this: “Group decision-making”

The UC Davis infringing 2024 publication used a material amount and the heart of Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted property.

UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his respective content. It did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, UC Davis faculty/staff misled others — including the public, as the publication was available without restriction on the Internet — into falsely believing that UC Davis faculty/staff are the authors and owners of Graffius' intellectual property.

UC Davis' infringement has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

UC Davis' use of Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor otherwise allowed.

UC Davis blatantly plagiarized Graffius' work and infringed on his intellectual property rights.

UC Davis faculty/staff conduct is disgraceful, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, and unlawful.

So long as UC Davis' infringing 2024 publication exists anywhere, in any form, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

Evidence has been preserved.

Conclusion, Including Demand for Accountability

The evidence presented in this article shows a recurring pattern in which UC Davis faculty/staff plagiarized Scott M. Graffius' copyrighted property and infringed on his intellectual property rights. The conduct spanned multiple years, involved multiple publications, and implicated multiple faculty/staff participants.

Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It reads: "Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

UC Davis faculty/staff neither requested nor received permission to use Graffius' copyrighted property, yet multiple UC Davis publications incorporated material portions of it.

UC Davis' infringing publications failed to acknowledge Graffius' ownership of his respective content. They did not quote, cite, or otherwise credit Graffius. By doing so, UC Davis faculty/staff misled others into falsely believing that UC Davis faculty/staff are the authors and owners of Graffius' intellectual property.

UC Davis' infringement has damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

UC Davis' use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not 'fair use' nor otherwise allowed.

The conduct of UC Davis faculty/staff is inexcusable, indefensible, and unlawful.

So long as UC Davis' infringing publications exist anywhere, in any form, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Accordingly, time is of the essence.

UC Davis must immediately implement the following two (2) actions:

1. Remove the Infringing Material.

1 (a). Electronic Versions: Immediately remove the infringing material (any and all publications/products with infringement) from digital platforms where it is published, posted, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it. This must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 17 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

1 (b). Physical Copies: If physical copies of the infringing material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution, recall any copies already distributed, and destroy (shred and recycle) copies. If there are physical copies, this must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 17 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

2. Issue a Confirmation and Apology. Email Scott M. Graffius with confirmation that the infringing material has been removed — as delineated 1 (a) and 1 (b) — and apologize for plagiarizing his work and violating his intellectual property rights. The apology will not "spin" or "downplay" the plagiarism and infringement. Any "spin" or "downplay" will demonstrate bad faith by UC Davis. This must be done within five (5) calendar days of this 17 June 2026 notice, or the matter will be escalated.

Copyrights protect the intellectual property rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Mr. Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights.

Graffius expressly reserves his rights in this matter.

Notice

Beyond this article, Graffius sent notice of this serious matter to the UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publications, as well as UC Davis administration. He notified the following (some details below are redacted) via email.

UC Davis faculty/staff listed on the infringing publications:

Barry Curtis at b█████████@ucdavis.edu
Chris Ziemba (UC Davis email not listed, UC Davis email not found)
Keith Weissglass at k███████████@ucdavis.edu
Kelly Wilson at k███████████@ucdavis.edu
Mary Kay Vona at m███@ucdavis.edu
Marybeth Kavanagh at m████████@ucdavis.edu
Selina Laqui at s███████@ucdavis.edu

UC Davis administration:

Academic Affairs at p█████████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at b███████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at h███████@ucdavis.edu
Conflicts at k████████@ucdavis.edu
Dean at g████████@ucdavis.edu
Ethics at d██████████@ucdavis.edu.
Intellectual Property at k█████████@ucdavis.edu
Intellectual Property at r███████@ucdavis.edu
Research Compliance at d███████@ucdavis.edu
State Auditor at S█████████@doj.ca.gov
█████████████ at █████████@ucdavis.edu

Updates

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section at the end of this piece.

uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property---ig-lwres

Bibliography

Graffius, S. M. (n.d.). Public Speaker. https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html

Graffius, S. M. (2019, May 10). Phases of Team Development [Twitter post featuring the 2019 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"; also see scanFOAM]. https://x.com/ScottGraffius/status/1126788452295401474?s=20

Graffius, S. M. (2026). Rate Card for 2026. https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2026-v26010107.pdf

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 3). Scott M. Graffius' Phases of Team Development - Applied to Human Teams and Human-AI Teams: 2026 Update. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18184.89601

scanFOAM (2024, April 17). Experience learning | 25 years of ATACC | TBS24 [YouTube video featuring the 2019 edition of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development."] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8kubFUC79k&t=2789s

University of California, Davis. (n.d.). How to make a whistleblower report. https://compliance.ucdavis.edu/how-make-whistleblower-report

University of California, Davis. (2023, April). MGT 440 Student Handbook Integrated Management Project. [The names listed on the publication include Kelly Wilson, Marybeth Kavanagh, Keith Weissglass, Mary Kay Vona, Chris Ziemba, and Selina Laqui.] https://schedule.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/5516631/Syllabus

University of California, Davis. (2024, May). Integrated Management Project (IMP) and MGT 440 Course Objective. [The names listed on the publication include Barry Curtis, Selina Laqui, and Kelly Wilson.] https://webapps.aws.ucdavis.edu/public/documents/6929287/Syllabus

University of California, Davis, Office of Student Conduct and Integrity. (2026). Interim UC Davis policy on student conduct and discipline: 102.01.1 UC Davis Code of Academic Conduct. University of California, Davis. https://studentconduct.ucdavis.edu/code-academic-conduct

University of California Office of the President. (2026). APM-016: University policy on faculty conduct and the administration of discipline (Rev. Jan. 29, 2026). University of California. https://www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programs/_files/apm/apm-016.pdf

University of California Office of the President. (2026). APM-015: The Faculty Code of Conduct (Rev. Jan. 29, 2026). University of California. https://aadocs.ucdavis.edu/policies/apm/apm-015.pdf

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 17). UC Davis Used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" Intellectual Property. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/uc-davis-used-scott-m-graffius-intellectual-property.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

#AcademicIntegrity
#Plagiarism
#IntellectualProperty
#Copyright
#UCDavis
#HigherEducation
#FacultyConduct
#StudentConduct
#TeamDevelopment
#PhasesOfTeamDevelopment
#UniversityOfCalifornia

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Supplement on June 22, 2026

As a recap, this serious case requires awareness, transparency, and action. Accordingly, Scott M. Graffius presented evidence via this article to document the plagiarism and infringement, uphold his intellectual property rights, hold the involved parties accountable, and deter future violations. As detailed in the article, Graffius also notified the involved, interested, and potentially interested parties about the case by email.

Additionally, to elevate visibility, he subsequently wrote about the case on LinkedIn, Instagram, X, Facebook, and other platforms.

If there are any further supplements or updates, they will appear in this section.

Update on June 24, 2026

As a recap, on June 17, 2026, Scott M. Graffius notified UC Davis that its 2023 and 2024 publications contained material copied from his copyrighted 2019 "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. The notice identified the specific publications, provided side-by-side comparisons as evidence, cited copyright ownership information embedded in the original work, and demanded UC Davis' confirmation of their removal of their infringing materials and an apology.

The compliance deadline expired on June 22, 2026. As of the time of this update on June 24, 2026, UC Davis had neither confirmed the removal of their infringing materials nor provided an apology. Until UC Davis removes its infringing publications, UC Davis continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Graffius presents the follow-up article, UC Davis' Integrity Is Circling the Drain, to elevate visibility of the case, uphold his intellectual property rights, hold UC Davis accountable, and deter future violations.

Copyright

Tags: Academic integrity • Phases Of Team Development • Plagiarism • UC Davis • University of California, Davis • Intellectual property • Academic ethics and accountability • Faculty misconduct • Higher education governance • Copyright infringement

Medical, Pharma, and Healthcare Organizations Are Using Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development"

15 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

medical-pharma-healthcare-leaders-use-graffius-phases-of-team-development---lwres

When Lives are on the Line, Teamwork is Critical

In medicine, pharma, and healthcare, the stakes could not be higher. Research teams must cohere under pressure. Diagnoses must be accurate. Treatments must be coordinated. Clinical professionals must work in lockstep, often in high-velocity, high-stakes environments where miscommunication or misalignment can cost lives. In these fields, teamwork is a life-critical competency.

Scott M. Graffius is a leading authority on teamwork tradecraft. Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 150 subsequent studies, and Graffius' first-hand professional experience with and analysis of team leadership and performance, Graffius created his "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property. It's a novel tool that serves as a diagnostic and strategic guide for navigating team dynamics. Leaders apply the actionable insights to help advance the effectiveness and success of teams. Graffius initially developed his unique material in 2008, and he periodically updates it.

Hundreds of businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, and media outlets worldwide have featured and utilized Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, DevOps Institute, Government of Finland, Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Digital Engineering GmbH, IEEE, Microsoft, Oracle, Technical University of Munich, Tufts University, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis Association, UC San Diego, UK Sports Institute, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, and many more, including several medical/pharma/healthcare organizations (highlighted next).

This article covers a growing trend—the adoption of Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" across medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare sectors. Twelve representative examples follow, illustrating the breadth and depth of that use.

Alexion Pharmaceuticals

Founded in 1992, Alexion Pharmaceuticals built its reputation as a pioneer in therapies for rare and life-threatening diseases, particularly those involving the complement system of the immune pathway. The company rose to prominence with breakthrough drugs that have dramatically improved outcomes for patients with conditions such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome—transforming once-devastating diagnoses into manageable conditions. With a global footprint spanning North America, Europe, and Asia, Alexion became synonymous with high-impact innovation in the treatment of ultra-rare diseases. Its work has delivered meaningful benefits by extending lives, reducing suffering, and giving patients and families tangible hope where few options previously existed.

Alexion Pharmaceuticals referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html

Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute

The Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH) operates under the mission: "Health for all, powered by science." Its strategic plan reflects a commitment to continuously producing knowledge in line with societal challenges, healthcare transformations, and shifting expectations—and to effectively harnessing that knowledge for public health practice and beyond.

The APH concentrates its research efforts across eight programs, with over 1,700 multidisciplinary researchers from Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), VU Amsterdam, and the University of Amsterdam. By collaborating with researchers, healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers, the APH is focused on implementing and disseminating knowledge both within and beyond Amsterdam.

A publication of the APH features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. The APH Quality Handbook includes Graffius' copyrighted (used with permission) illustration, "Phases of Team Development." The visual conveys strategies and more, which can be readily applied to help research teams and others go farther, faster.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/aph-qh.html

AstraZeneca

AstraZeneca stands as one of the world's leading biopharmaceutical companies, with operations in over 100 countries and a workforce exceeding 80,000 employees. Formed in 1999 through the merger of Sweden's Astra AB and the UK's Zeneca Group, the company has evolved into a powerhouse across oncology, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, and immunology therapies. Its portfolio includes widely recognized medicines for lung cancer, diabetes, heart failure, and respiratory conditions—products that have improved and extended millions of lives globally. AstraZeneca's oncology innovations have redefined treatment standards and survival expectations for multiple cancers. With a reputation for scientific rigor, scale, and sustained impact, AstraZeneca continues to shape the future of medicine worldwide.

AstraZeneca referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html

Bayer

Bayer is one of the largest pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biotechnology companies in the world. Founded on August 1, 1863, by Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott, and headquartered in Leverkusen, Germany, Bayer's businesses include pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare products, agricultural chemicals, seeds, and biotechnology products. For more than 160 years, the company has worked to improve human health through scientific innovation and a commitment to meaningful medicine.

Bayer utilizes Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" material on teamwork tradecraft.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bayer.html

Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork

Academic medicine increasingly recognizes that clinical excellence requires more than technical skill—it requires the ability to work and lead effectively within teams. This scientific and medical paper, "Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork," addresses exactly that imperative, examining how healthcare education can prepare future clinicians for the realities of collaborative care.

The paper cites Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384329504_Fostering_Readiness_of_Future_Doctors_and_Nurses_for_Teamwork

FSU College of Medicine

Florida State University's College of Medicine is dedicated to training physicians with a particular focus on serving communities that have historically faced barriers to high-quality healthcare. Its faculty development efforts reflect an ongoing commitment to professional growth and evidence-based practice.

A Faculty Development post from FSU College of Medicine on LinkedIn features Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/fsu-college-of-medicine-faculty-development_healthcare-is-a-team-sport-building-strong-activity-7122491911168290816--RkO/

HOPPR

HOPPR empowers developers to build the next generation of AI medical imaging applications, with the goal of making clinical care and workflow optimization more accessible, efficient, and equitable within the healthcare systems they serve. With an extensive repository of medical AI imaging data with known provenance than any other platform, alongside foundation models, fine-tuning tools, and infrastructure built under a Quality Management System (QMS), HOPPR enables transparent, scalable AI workflows built for real-world clinical integration.

HOPPR referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/khansiddiqui_startupprocess-scalingteams-okrs-activity-7298325575096573952-r14X/

Journal of Neurosurgery

The Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) is a leading, peer-reviewed medical journal dedicated to advancing the field of neurosurgery. Published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), it serves as a premier platform for original research, clinical studies, and innovative techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. With a history spanning more than 75 years, JNS is widely recognized for its commitment to promoting scientific discovery and clinical excellence. Its global readership includes neurosurgeons, researchers, and healthcare professionals striving to improve patient outcomes.

The Journal of Neurosurgery highlighted Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/jns-2024.html

Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN)

LTEN's mission: "LTEN is the essential resource for life sciences trainer education and networking; enabling members to harness their collective knowledge, apply leading-edge technology, and deliver world-class learning." LTEN serves as the professional home for those who develop and deploy learning solutions across the life sciences industry—helping organizations build capable, coordinated teams from the ground up.

LTEN referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/lten.html

Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP)

RACP is one of the leading medical specialist colleges in Australia and New Zealand and a highly influential institution in physician education, training, and professional standards across the region. The organization represents more than 30,000 physicians and trainee physicians spanning dozens of specialties and subspecialties. As a standard-setter for medical professionalism and continuing education, RACP carries significant weight in shaping how physicians are prepared and supported throughout their careers.

The RACP referenced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work.

More: https://scottgraffius.com/thoughtleaderandinfluencer.html

Strategies for Medical Team Success

On 6 November 2024, Naso Sano published a presentation on strategies for medical team success, which featured Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" work. Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki, MD (Naso Sano, Italy) hosted the session, and Professor Saad Alsaleh (King Saud University, Saudi Arabia) delivered the talk. The presentation was recorded, and the video is available on YouTube.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/nso.html

The ATACC Group (TAG)

TAG is known for providing high-quality first aid, clinical, and medical education and training to every level of provider involved in patient care. It offers a suite of regulated qualifications in collaboration with Qualification Network UK (QNUK), an Ofqual, CCEA, and Qualification Wales recognized Awarding Organization. TAG is also a Royal College of Surgeons, London approved Educational Centre. ATACC stands for Anesthesia, Trauma, and Critical Care—domains where team cohesion can mean the difference between life and death.

Physicians Dr. Mark Forrest and Dr. Halden Hutchinson-Bazely from TAG incorporated Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" in their presentation at the TBS24 conference in Zermatt, Switzerland.

More: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/tbs24.html

Conclusion

From pharmaceutical giants conducting global clinical trials, to research institutes advancing public health, to trauma educators preparing clinicians for the most high-pressure moments imaginable, the medical and healthcare sector has embraced Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" with good reason. Effective teams don't just perform better—in medicine, they save lives. Graffius gives leaders a diagnostic and strategic guide to advance the effectiveness of teams.

The breadth and caliber of adoption—across pharma, academic medicine, medical journals, AI-driven healthcare technology, professional medical education, and clinical training—underscores both the universality of the framework and its particular resonance in sectors where precision, coordination, and trust are non-negotiable.

Graffius periodically updates his respective work. A visual from the 2026 edition of his "Phases of Team Development" is shown below and details are here. It covers both human-only teams and human-AI teams, including handling the exotic team dynamics which emerge when collaborating with advanced AI.

Note on Intellectual Property Rights

This article spotlighted select medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare organizations that have appropriately used Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development" intellectual property.

However, some other individuals and organizations in medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare-related fields have engaged in plagiarism, copyright infringement, or other bad acts. These matters are serious and warrant awareness, transparency, and accountability. Accordingly, selected cases are referenced below to uphold Graffius’ intellectual property rights and deter future violations. The list is not exhaustive.

Bloomfield, Jacqueline - The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
Boston Scientific Corporation
Frotjold, Astrid - The University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
Howard, Rosa - The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
Lane, Stuart - The University of Sydney Medical School, Head of Intensive Care Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Australia; Senior Staff Specialist in Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Australia
National Health Service (NHS)
Roberts, Christopher - Honorary Professor of Medical Education, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
Schneider, Carl - The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
University of Sydney
van Diggele, Christie - Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Details and source documentation are available here.

medical-pharma-healthcare-leaders-use-graffius-phases-of-team-development---ig-lwres

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 15). Medical, Pharma, and Healthcare Organizations Are Using Scott M. Graffius' "Phases of Team Development." ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/medical-pharma-healthcare-leaders-use-graffius-phases-of-team-development.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

Tags and Hashtags

Phases of Team Development
Leadership
High-Performance Teams
Healthcare
Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Education
Team Dynamics
Organizational Development
Life Sciences
Clinical Teams
Alexion Pharmaceuticals
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute
AstraZeneca
Bayer
Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork
FSU College of Medicine
HOPPR
Journal of Neurosurgery
Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN)
Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP)
Strategies for Medical Team Success
The ATACC Group (TAG)

#TeamDevelopment
#Healthcare
#Pharma
#MedicalEducation
#Leadership
#Teamwork
#LifeSciences
#ClinicalTeams
#OrganizationalDevelopment
#PatientCare
#PublicHealth

Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: Phases of Team Development • Leadership • HOPPR • Journal of Neurosurgery • Exotic Team Dynamics • The ATACC Group (TAG) • Strategies for Medical Team Success • Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) • Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN) • FSU College of Medicine • Fostering Readiness of Future Doctors and Nurses for Teamwork • AstraZeneca • Bayer • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute • Alexion Pharmaceuticals • Clinical Teams • Life Sciences • Organizational Development • Team Dynamics • Medical Education • Pharmaceutical Industry • Healthcare • High-Performance Teams

Government of Ireland Report Features Research by Scott M. Graffius

10 June 2026

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

government-of-ireland-report-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius-v2-lwres

Government of Ireland, Commission for Media, Wagner-Hatfield, the Consultation Responses to the Draft Online Safety Code Report, and Its Use of Graffius' Research

Rialtas na hÉireann (Government of Ireland) Coimisiún na Meán is the county's commission for regulating broadcasters, on-demand services, and online media, and for supporting media development. Established in March 2023 under the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act 2022, it builds on the work of its predecessor, the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. The commission is responsible for ensuring and maintaining a thriving and diverse media landscape that facilitates a mix of voices, opinions, and sources of information — and, critically, for holding digital services accountable for how they protect people from harm online.

One of Coimisiún na Meán's initiatives is the Online Safety Code. It's Ireland's first binding regulatory framework for video-sharing platform services. The Code sets out measures that designated platforms are legally obliged to implement to protect users from harmful content, including cyberbullying, content that promotes eating disorders or self-harm, and inappropriate material accessible to minors. The development of the Code involved extensive public consultation, commissioned research, and expert review.

As part of that process, Coimisiún na Meán commissioned Wagner-Hatfield to prepare a summary of the responses received during the public consultation on the draft Online Safety Code. The resulting report — Consultation Responses to the Draft Online Safety Code — synthesizes the submissions received from the public, government departments and agencies, NGOs, civil society organizations, industry groups, international regulators, and academia. It represents a component of the evidentiary record that informed the finalized Code.

The Consultation Responses report cited Scott M. Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research. The report includes the following passage in Section 4C.9 (page 64):

"The results of a 2023 empirical investigation which determined the lifespan of social media posts on different platforms was shared which showed: Snapchat (0 min), Twitter (24 min), Facebook (105 min), Instagram (20 h), LinkedIn (24 h), YouTube (8.8 d), and Pinterest (3.75 mo).³⁷"

That's immediately followed by, "A lower lifespan means that most harm happens right after the content is posted, which shows that content moderation needs to be performed quickly to be effective."

The respective content is also shown in the visual below.

government-of-ireland-report-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius-v2-excerpts-lwres

government-of-ireland-report-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius-v2-excerpts-lwres

Although the Consultation Responses report cites Graffius' research, it materially mischaracterizes it — and compounds the inaccuracy by drawing a conclusion that does not follow from the cited work.

Citations can readily create an impression of alignment or endorsement where none exists, particularly for readers who do not scrutinize the underlying research in detail. Given the regulatory weight of the Online Safety Code — a binding law applied to designated platforms, with fines of up to €20 million for breaches — errors in the evidentiary record that informs it carry real consequences.

To maintain the integrity of his work and prevent misunderstanding, Graffius proactively provides the following objective, evidence-based assessment of the Consultation Responses report, including its use of his research.

Graffius does not endorse the Consultation Responses report.

Critical Analysis of the Consultation Responses Report, Including Its Use of Graffius' Research

1. Mischaracterization of the Metric: Half-Life Is Not Lifespan.

In social media research and digital analytics, half-life and lifespan are distinct concepts that serve different analytical purposes. Lifespan, in its ordinary sense, implies a general duration — how long a post exists, circulates, or remains accessible. Half-life is a precise statistical construct with a specific definition: the point at which a post has received half of its total engagement (such as likes, shares, and comments).

Graffius defined this metric explicitly in his research: "The lifespan of posts is of interest, and a helpful metric is half-life. It's the amount of time it takes for a post to receive half of its total engagement (such as likes, shares, and comments)."

The reason half-life is the operative and appropriate metric — rather than a general notion of lifespan — stems from how engagement is distributed over the life of a social media post. When content is published, engagement does not follow a symmetrical bell curve. Instead, it follows a unimodal, positively skewed distribution: the majority of engagement arrives relatively soon after posting, with the remainder spread across a comparatively longer tail. Because engagement is front-loaded in this way, half-life is the most meaningful and actionable metric for characterizing post longevity. It captures a precise, reproducible, and operationally useful threshold.

The Consultation Responses report substitutes "lifespan" for "half-life," misrepresenting what the research measures. This is not a minor editorial inconsistency. It misidentifies the metric, obscures the statistical basis of the findings, and undermines the accuracy of any interpretation or policy conclusion that depends on the cited data.

Graffius' research, built on a large dataset from multiple sources, reveals the average half-life for posts on different social media platforms. The data in the cited (2023) edition showed: Snapchat (0 min), Twitter (24 min), Facebook (105 min), Instagram (20 h), LinkedIn (24 h), YouTube (8.8 d), and Pinterest (3.75 mo). Findings from others — including anecdotal experience from select posts or limited datasets — may vary from these averages, which reflect a large, multi-source, representative methodology.

The Consultation Responses report cited the 2023 edition of Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts." For context, a visual from it is shown below.

lifespan-half-life-of-social-media-posts-update-for-2023---lr-for-blg---1000x482

Details—including a link to it, the Consultation Responses report, and more—are in the bibliography section of this article.

Additionally, because this article is written in 2026, a visual from the current (2026) edition of Graffius’ respective work is also provided below for completeness and contemporaneous context. The 2026 edition stands out for its:

◾️ Scope (5.6 million posts),
◾️ Coverage (11 platforms),
◾️ Methodology (multi-source, representative, data-driven),
◾️ Continuity (annual updates), and
◾️ Value (actionable insights).

2. Unsupported Causal Claim: Half-Life of Engagement Does Not Establish When Harm Occurs.

The report states: "A lower lifespan means that most harm happens right after the content is posted, which shows that content moderation needs to be performed quickly to be effective."

That conclusion does not follow from the cited research. Graffius' work measures the half-life of engagement — when a post receives half of its total interaction from users. It does not measure when harm occurs, nor does it establish any causal or correlational relationship between engagement timing and harm timing.

Engagement and harm are not equivalent. A post may generate limited engagement and still cause significant harm (as defined by the legislation). Conversely, a high-engagement post may be broadly benign. Harm can also manifest well after a post's engagement peak — through screenshots, redistribution, offline consequences, or discovery by new audiences on other platforms. The half-life of engagement provides no basis for making direct inferences about the timing or distribution of harm.

By asserting that "most harm happens right after the content is posted" and attributing that conclusion to empirical research on engagement half-life, the Consultation Responses report draws an inference that the data do not support. The policy recommendation is not substantiated by the cited work as applied in the report.

3. Regulatory Consequences of Analytical Errors.

The Consultation Responses report is not an academic exercise. It is part of the evidentiary record underlying the Online Safety Code — Ireland's first binding regulatory framework for video-sharing platforms, with designated enforcement powers and fines of up to €20 million for breaches. Platforms subject to the Code must implement content moderation measures, and the timing, scope, and design of those measures are precisely the questions at issue in the passage that cites Graffius' research.

When the analytical basis for a regulatory finding is flawed — whether through mischaracterization of a metric or an unsupported causal inference — the practical consequences extend to real compliance obligations imposed on real organizations. Erroneous findings do not simply sit on a page; they propagate into policy design, enforcement priorities, and the design of moderation systems. The stakes are high enough to warrant a precise and accurate account of what the cited research shows.

Suggested Corrections to Consultation Responses Report

Graffius suggests that the passage in Section 4C.9 be corrected to reflect both the accurate metric and a conclusion that the data support. The current passage is:

"The results of a 2023 empirical investigation which determined the lifespan of social media posts on different platforms was shared which showed: Snapchat (0 min), Twitter (24 min), Facebook (105 min), Instagram (20 h), LinkedIn (24 h), YouTube (8.8 d), and Pinterest (3.75 mo).³⁷ A lower lifespan means that most harm happens right after the content is posted, which shows that content moderation needs to be performed quickly to be effective."

It should be corrected to the following (or similar):

"The results of a 2023 empirical investigation determined the average half-life of posts on different social media platforms. Half-life is the point at which a post has received half of its total engagement (such as likes, shares, and comments). The research showed the following half-life durations: Snapchat (0 min), Twitter (24 min), Facebook (105 min), Instagram (20 h), LinkedIn (24 h), YouTube (8.8 d), and Pinterest (3.75 mo).³⁷ [The lower the half-life, the sooner a post accumulates 50% of its total engagement, narrowing the window in which content moderation—if required—can reduce its reach and impact.]"

Conclusion

The Consultation Responses report exhibits significant issues, including:

A material mischaracterization of the cited metric (half-life vs. lifespan); and
An unsupported causal inference that conflates engagement timing with harm timing, producing a conclusion that the cited data do not substantiate.

Given that the Consultation Responses report forms part of the evidentiary record underlying binding regulatory obligations, these deficiencies matter beyond the page. Accordingly, the report's specific findings and conclusions regarding social media post lifespan and content moderation timing should be treated with caution.

"May 2024" appears on the Consultant Responses report, and metadata for the PDF shows the modify date of May 20, 2024. Graffius was alerted to the report on June 1, 2024. That day, Graffius notified multiple parties involved with the report about the issues with it. He emailed (email addresses redacted) the Coimisiún na Meán (███████████@cnam.ie and ████@cnam.ie), Wagner-Hatfield (████@wagner- hatfield.com, ███@wagner-hatfield.com, and ███@wagner-hatfield.com), and DHR (███████████████@dhr.ie). None has responded to date. After providing the involved parties with an opportunity to address the issues and receiving no response, Graffius is presenting the details in this article to preserve the accuracy and integrity of the record.

Graffius' "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" research has been correctly used by many businesses, professional associations, government agencies, universities, publications, media outlets, and others worldwide. Select examples include:

BCG,
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Frontiers in Public Health,
GoDaddy,
IEEE,
Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume),
Marketing in the Metaverse,
Maximizing LinkedIn for Business Growth,
Ministère de la Culture,
Pinterest Inc.,
Podcasting Strategy Show,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Strategic Business Research,
Telecommunications Policy,
Xavier Degraux,
and many more

government-of-ireland-report-features-research-by-scott-m-graffius-v2-IG-lwres

Bibliography

Coimisiún na Meán (Ireland's Commission for Regulating Media). (n.d.). https://www.cnam.ie

Coimisiún na Meán. (n.d.). Online Safety Code. https://www.cnam.ie/industry-and-professionals/online-safety-framework/online-safety-code/

Graffius, S. M. (2023, January 1). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2023. ScottGraffius.com. https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/social-2023.html

Graffius, S. M. (2024, March 22). The Protocol for Reporting an Error to an Author or Publisher. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18830.98883

Graffius, S. M. (2026, January 23). Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts: Update for 2026. ScottGraffius.com. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32407.43689

Rialtas na hÉireann (Government of Ireland). (n.d.). https://www.gov.ie

Wagner-Hatfield. (n.d.). https://www.wagner-hatfield.com

Wagner-Hatfield. (2024, May). Consultation Responses to the Draft Online Safety Code. Coimisiún na Meán. https://www.cnam.ie/app/uploads/2024/11/202405_Summary_Consultation.pdf

About Scott M. Graffius

Scott M. Graffius is a strategic transformation leader who drives AI, Agile, and broader business and technology initiatives to deliver measurable value across projects, programs, portfolios, and PMOs. He is an expert in the teamwork tradecraft of both human and human-AI teams, including the “exotic team dynamics” that emerge. He is also an authority on the temporal patterns of social media, including the half-life of audience engagement.

He’s a practitioner, researcher, thought leader, award-winning author, and keynote speaker who’s taken the stage at 98 conferences and other events across 25 countries.

He’s delivered over $2.51 billion in value for Fortune 500 companies and other leaders in technology, entertainment, financial services, healthcare, and beyond.

Businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities use Graffius and feature his work. Examples include Adobe, Bayer, Boston University, Ford, Gartner, Harvard Medical School, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, Microsoft, MSN, National Academy of Sciences, Oracle, Pinterest Inc., Project Management Institute, UC San Diego, Verizon, Yale University, and others.

The following sections provide additional information on his experience, contributions, and influence.

Experience

Graffius heads the professional services firm Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions, along with its subsidiary Exceptional Agility. These consultancies offer strategic and tactical advisory, training, embedded expertise, and consulting services to the public, private, and government sectors. They help organizations enhance their capabilities and results in agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership, supporting innovation and driving competitive advantage. The consultancies confidently back services with a Delighted Client Guarantee™.

Graffius is a former VP of project management with a publicly traded provider of diverse consumer products and services over the Internet. Before that, he ran and supervised the delivery of projects and programs in public and private organizations with businesses ranging from e-commerce to advanced technology products and services, retail, manufacturing, entertainment, and more.

He has experience with consumer, business, reseller, government, and international markets.

Award-Winning Author

Graffius has authored three books.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions, his first book, earned 17 awards.
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change, his second book, was named one of the best Scrum books of all time by BookAuthority.
Agile Protocol: The Transformation Ultimatum, his third book and his first work of fiction, was released in April 2025. The book trailer is on YouTube.

International Public Speaker

Organizations worldwide engage Graffius to present on tech (including AI), Agile, project management, program management, portfolio management, and PMO leadership. He crafts and delivers unique and compelling talks and workshops. Graffius has conducted 98 sessions across 25 countries. Select examples of events include Agile Trends Gov, BSides (Newcastle Upon Tyne), Conf42 Quantum Computing, DevDays Europe, DevOps Institute, DevOpsDays (Geneva), Frug’Agile, IEEE, Microsoft, Scottish Summit, Scrum Alliance RSG (Nepal), Techstars, and W Love Games International Video Game Development Conference (Helsinki), and more.

With an average rating of 4.81 (on a scale of 1-5), sessions are highly valued.

The speaker engagement request form is here.

Thought Leadership and Influence

Prominent businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities have showcased Graffius and his contributions—spanning his books, talks, workshops, and beyond. Select examples include:

Adobe,
American Management Association,
Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Bayer,
BMC Software,
Boston University,
Broadcom,
Cisco,
Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Germany,
Computer Weekly,
Constructor University - Germany,
Data Governance Success,
Deimos Aerospace,
DevOps Institute,
Dropbox,
EU's European Commission,
Ford Motor Company,
Gartner,
GoDaddy,
Harvard Medical School,
Hasso Plattner Institute - Germany,
IEEE,
Innovation Project Management,
Johns Hopkins University,
Journal of Neurosurgery,
Lam Research (Semiconductors),
Leadership Worthy,
Life Sciences Trainers and Educators Network,
London South Bank University,
Microsoft,
MSN,
NASSCOM,
National Academy of Sciences,
New Zealand Government,
Oracle,
Pinterest Inc.,
Project Management Institute,
Mary Raum (Professor of National Security Affairs, United States Naval War College),
SANS Institute,
SBG Neumark - Germany,
Singapore Institute of Technology,
Torrens University - Australia,
TBS Switzerland,
Tufts University,
UC San Diego,
UK Sports Institute,
University of Galway - Ireland,
US Department of Energy,
US National Park Service,
US Soccer,
US Tennis Association,
Verizon,
Wrike,
Yale University,
and many others.

Graffius has played a key role in the Project Management Institute (PMI) in developing professional standards. He was a member of multiple teams that authored, reviewed, and produced:

The Standard for Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio, Program, and Project Management
Agile Practice Guide – Second Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Eighth Edition
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition
The Standard for Program Management – Fourth Edition
Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures – Second Edition
The Practice Standard for Project Estimating – Second Edition

Certified SAFe 6 Agilist (SA),
Certified Scrum Professional - ScrumMaster (CSP-SM),
Certified Scrum Professional - Product Owner (CSP-PO),
Certified ScrumMaster (CSM),
Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO),
Project Management Professional (PMP),
Lean Six Sigma Green Belt (LSSGB), and
IT Service Management Foundation (ITIL).

Connect with and follow Scott on LinkedIn, X, YouTube, Facebook, Threads, Bluesky, Mastodon, and ResearchGate.

scottgraffius-com-article-sections-v2026-more-lwres

List of Additional Articles

How to Cite This Article

Graffius, S. M. (2026, June 10). Government of Ireland Report Features Research by Scott M. Graffius. ScottGraffius.com. https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/government-of-ireland-report-features-graffius-research.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Coming soon

Content Acknowledgements

Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners. Consultation Responses to the Draft Online Safety Code report is the property of Wagner-Hatfield / Coimisiún na Meán (Ireland's Commission for Regulating Media) / Rialtas na hÉireann (Government of Ireland). This article includes limited excerpts, attributed and used under fair use doctrine for purposes of news reporting, commentary, and analysis. "Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts" is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Copyright

Tags: cnam.ie • gov.ie • Ireland • Wagner-Hatfield • Social Media Research • Social Media Lifespan • Rialtas na hÉireann • Social Media Half-Life • Lifespan (Half-Life) of Social Media Posts • Ireland's Commission for Regulating Media • Ireland Online Safety Code • Government of Ireland • Critical Analysis of the Consultation Responses Report • Coimisiún na Meán • Consultation Responses to the Draft Online Safety Code