Boston Scientific Corporation Utilizes Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - Alt Hdr Only 4 - LwRes



If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Intellectual Property

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development’ as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Graffius' intellectual property (IP) is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

Graffius initially developed his ‘Phases of Team Development’ unique material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it.

Graffius' property applicable to this story is
here.

For reference only, the visual for the current (2024) edition is below and the details are
here.

scott-m-graffius---phases-of-team-development---2024-update---v24010507---jpg-lwres

Organizations around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

Scott M Graffius has delivered 91 talks and workshops across 25 countries - passport style - LwRes

Graffius ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at
https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2024-2025-v24071607.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, his ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is featured and used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute,
  • IEEE,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • LeadingEng,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Manufacturers Alliance,
  • Microsoft,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Torrens University Australia,
  • U.S. National Park Service,
  • U.S. Tennis Association,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway Ireland,
  • Virginia Tech,
  • Warsaw University,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Copyrights protect the IP rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Graffius is vigilant in upholding, protecting and enforcing his copyrights and other IP rights.

Boston Scientific — a global BioMed and BioTech corporation — used Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP without permission or attribution.

Notes:
  • This article includes brief excerpts from Boston Scientific and other sources, attributed and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis. Graffius redacted sensitive information.
  • Scott M. Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.
  • Boston Scientific name, mark and content are the property of Boston Scientific Corporation. Boston Scientific images (logo and corporate headquarters) provided courtesy of Boston Scientific. © 2024 Boston Scientific Corporation or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Boston Scientific Utilizes Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' IP Without Permission or Attribution

Boston Scientific is a biomedical/biotechnology engineering firm and multinational manufacturer of medical devices. Their website at
https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/about-us.html informs that the company operates globally, employs 48,000 people, has invested $1.4 billion in research and development, and has $14.2 billion in net sales. A photo of their corporate headquarters is shown below.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 2 - Headquarters - LwRes

Boston Scientific did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' IP.

Unfortunately, Boston Scientific's "Presentation Templates" site, shown next, includes content which infringes on Graffius' copyright.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 3 - Templates Website - LwRes

The top of Boston Scientific's website includes four elements: Home, PowerPoint Templates, Visual & Data Templates, and “?”. As delineated below, selecting the "?" starts an email to [name redacted]@bsci.com.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 4 - Q - LwRes

As shown next, BSCI.com is the property of the Boston Scientific Corporation. Visual 1 of 2 is below.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 5 - BSCI - LwRes

Visual 2 of 2 is below.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 6 - BSCI - LwRes

And entering BSCI.com into a browser automatically takes the user to Boston Scientific's main website.

Selecting the URL (shown in the visual below) at Boston's Scientific's "Presentation Templates" site downloads a PowerPoint. Slide 1 (also shown in the visual below) infringes on Graffius' copyright.

Boston Scientific's use of Graffius' copyrighted text content is covered shortly.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 7 - PowerPoint - LwRes

As shown below, summary information for Boston Scientific's respective PowerPoint lists the author of the file as [name redacted]@bsci.com. That's the same identifier listed earlier. And again, @BSCI.com is a Boston Scientific address.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 8 - Summary Info - LwRes

Boston Scientific's material infringes on Graffius' copyright. The infringement uses a significant portion (the majority of) Graffius' IP. There are too many examples to list, but some follow.

๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Questioning”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Questioning”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Socializing”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Socializing”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Displaying eagerness”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Displaying eagerness”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Sticking to safe topics”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Sticking to safe topics”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Taking the ‘lead’”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Taking the ‘lead’”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Forming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Quick response times”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Forming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Quick response times”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Resistance”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Resistance”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Lack of participation”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Lack of participation”

๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Conflict”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Conflict”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Competition”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Competition”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “High emotions”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “High emotions”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Storming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Normalizing matters”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Storming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Normalizing matters”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Norming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Encouraging leadership”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Norming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Encouraging leadership”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Norming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Reconciliation”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Norming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Reconciliation”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Norming, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Developing cohesion”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Norming, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Developing cohesion”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Performing, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Healthy system”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Performing, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Healthy system”

๐ŸŸข Under Performing, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Celebrating”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Performing, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Celebrating”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Adjourning, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Shift to process orientation”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Adjourning, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Shift to process orientation”
 
๐ŸŸข Under Adjourning, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Sadness”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Adjourning, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Sadness”

๐ŸŸข Under Adjourning, Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property includes “Recognizing change”
๐Ÿ”ด Under Adjourning, Boston Scientific’s infringing material includes “Recognizing change”

Those are just some examples.

Corresponding visuals follow. Here's part 1 of 2.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 9 - SideBySideX - LwRes

And here's part 2 of 2.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 10 - SideBySideX - LwRes

Boston Scientific did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius' IP. Nevertheless, Boston Scientific used a significant portion (the majority) of Graffius' IP and Boston Scientific did not credit Graffius as the author and copyright owner.

Ethics, Integrity, and IP Rights Including Copyright

What are Boston Scientific's stated commitments to ethics, integrity, and copyright and other IP rights? Answers follow.

As reported at
https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/corporate-responsibility/integrity.html, Boston Scientific’s priorities include: “We believe in strong corporate governance and business practices that reflect our priorities, values and commitment to ethics and integrity.” But Boston Scientific infringed on Graffius' copyright.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 11 - Ethics - LwRes

In a press release at
https://news.bostonscientific.com/news-releases?item=58870, Jim Tobin, President and Chief Executive Officer of Boston Scientific, is reported as saying: “Boston Scientific was built on the strength of its intellectual property.” But Boston Scientific utilized Graffius' IP — and without permission or attribution.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 12 - CEO - LwRes

The company’s ‘Code of Conduct’ at
https://www.bostonscientific.com/content/dam/bostonscientific/corporate/citizenship/compliance-ethics/Code%20of%20Conduct/2022/2022_CodeofConduct_English.pdf states that: “Boston Scientific protects its intellectual property rights to patents, trade names, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. We also respect the intellectual property rights of others.” But Boston Scientific infringed on Graffius' IP rights.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 13 - Respect - LwRes

Boston Scientific addresses copyright infringement at
https://www.bostonscientific.com/en-US/medical-specialties/electrophysiology/CRM-YouTube-Disclaimer.html, among other places. There, it informs that: “It is strictly forbidden to make copies, whether partial or total and on whichever media without prior approval. Anyone failing to respect this provision will be guilty of copyright infringement and liable to criminal punishment according to the law.” As shown, Boston Scientific's content infringes on Graffius' copyright.

Boston Scientific Used Scott M Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' IP - Tw - v 24081707 - 14 - Law - LwRes

Status

Scott M. Graffius notified Boston Scientific Corporation of their infringement. Here's an excerpt from Graffius' respective email:

"I did not receive a request to use my ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP nor did I provide an authorization/license for use. A significant portion (the majority) of my IP was used. The use did not credit me as the author and copyright owner. The use has damaged the marketability and value of my IP. For those reasons, among others, your use is not ‘fair use’ nor ‘fair dealing.’ Your use infringes on my copyright."


"Immediately remove your infringing material from your website at the aforementioned link and anywhere else it is located or used, in any form — digital or hard copy."


"I reserve all rights in this serious matter."



As of the time of this article, Boston Scientific Corporation has not responded to the notice nor discontinued their infringement of Graffius' IP.

Post-publication notes appear at the end of this article.

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Lady Justice 2024 by Scott M Graffius - LwRes

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About Scott M. Graffius


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Scott M. Graffius, PMP, SA, CSP-SM, CSP-PO, CSM, CSPO, ITIL, LSSGB is an Agile project management expert practitioner, consultant, creator, multi-award-winning author, and international public speaker.

He's generated over $1.9 billion of business value in aggregate for Global Fortune 500 businesses and other organizations he's served. Businesses and industries range from consumer products to advanced technology (including AI, R&D), e-commerce, music, streaming/OTT video, television, film, video games, financial services, government, and more.

Graffius and content from his books (
Agile Scrum and Agile Transformation), talks, workshops, and more have been featured and used by businesses, professional associations, governments, and universities around the world. Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, Deimos Aerospace, DevOps Institute, EU's European Commission, Ford Motor Company, Hasso Plattner Institute Germany, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, London South Bank University, Microsoft, National Academy of Sciences, New Zealand Government, Oracle, Project Management Institute, Torrens University Australia, UC San Diego, TBS Switzerland, UK Sports Institute, University of Galway Ireland, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Tennis Association, Virginia Tech, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, and many others.

He delights audiences around the world with dynamic and engaging talks and workshops. He's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries. Visit
here to learn more and here to ask Scott to speak at your event.

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

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Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.

There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.

With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions,
Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:

  • Implement and use the most popular agile frameworkโ€•Scrum;
  • Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement; and
  • Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.

Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”

Winner of 17 first place awards.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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About
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

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Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.

Based on actual events,
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.

The award-winning book by
Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, August 19). Boston Scientific Corporation Utilizes Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bsci.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14032.32001.

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Update on 13 October 2024

Graffius notified Boston Scientific via email on 12 August 2024 about their violation of his intellectual property rights. This article was published on 19 August 2024.

As of today, 13 October 2024, Boston Scientific has not responded to Graffius’ notice of their violation. However, Graffius observed that Boston Scientific disabled access to their infringing content. Specifically, the https://r.mobirisesite.com/292221/assets/files/Stages-of-Group-Development-.pptx link that went to their infringing content before
now displays an error page. A screen shot is below.

boston_scientific_disabled_access_to_their_infrining_content_-_screenshot

Again, Boston Scientific blatantly violated Graffius' copyright, damaging the marketability and value of his intellectual property. Copyright infringement is so serious that it is a Federal crime.

This consequential matter is currently open. It is not resolved.

Graffius reserves his rights. If Graffius opts to take legal action against Boston Scientific for their violation of his copyright, the Federal case will include the greater of statutory damages or actual damages, special charges for willful infringement (which has been clarified by the courts to be either "intentional behavior" or merely "reckless behavior"), and additional costs.

Any additional updates will appear here.

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A PDF of this article is
here

The short link for this article is
https://bit.ly/bsci-x

A link to the infringing PowerPoint file is
here

© Copyright 2024 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.



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Radio Silence from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons on Report of Blatant Plagiarism in Their ‘Journal of Neurosurgery’ Publication

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

Plagiarism in a AANS JNS Publication - Radio Silence - Creative - LwRes



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If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Introduction

Plagiarism, defined as ‘to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another's production) without crediting the source’ (source:
Merriam-Webster), damages trust, credibility, and the value of original content. The theft of intellectual property distorts the scholarly record and results in misinformation. It often violates copyright as well.

Publications must respond decisively to plagiarism reports by swiftly acknowledging complaints, conducting thorough investigations, and taking appropriate actions such as retractions.

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Quiz Question

The visual at the top of this article depicts a quiz related to a real situation. Here's the question:

You discovered blatant plagiarism in a Journal of Neurosurgery publication of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. You reported it—with detailed specifics and indisputable evidence—to the authors, the editors, and the publisher. What should happen next (within five business days)?

๐Ÿ”˜ A. The publisher or one or more of the authors or editors replies with, “Thank you for alerting us about the violation; we’re looking into it.”

๐Ÿ”˜ B. The publisher or one or more of the authors or editors challenges you to a duel to defend their honor.

๐Ÿ”˜ C. Neither the publisher nor any of the authors or editors responds. Radio silence.

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Quiz Answer

The question is about what should happen. For that reason, the correct answer about what should happen is: 'A. The publisher or one or more of the authors or editors replies with, "Thank you for alerting us about the violation; we're looking into it."

When publications receive a report of plagiarism, they should promptly acknowledge receipt of the report by responding within no longer than five business days. This action demonstrates transparency, professionalism, and a commitment to maintaining the integrity of the academic record. Conversely, not expeditiously acknowledging receipt of the report conveys a lack of transparency, a lack of professionalism, and a lack of commitment to integrity.

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Radio Silence by the Publisher, the Editors, and the Authors

It would be nice if the quiz above was just a hypothetical/thought experiment. Unfortunately, it's related to the real situation where Scott M. Graffius discovered blatant plagiarism in a Journal of Neurosurgery publication of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and notified the authors, the editors, and the publisher of the violation on 24 September 2024.

As mentioned earlier, publishers should promptly acknowledge receipt of plagiarism reports by responding within no longer than five business days. As of the date of this article (8 October 2024), 10 business days (14 calendar days) have elapsed since the violation was reported. And the publisher, the editors, and the authors maintain radio silence.

Plagiarism is bad. By not acknowledging receipt of the report, the publisher, the editors, and the authors made the bad situation worst. And the publisher (JNS Publishing Group / American Association of Neurological Surgeons) has not yet taken action such as retraction or removal of the infringing material.

Radio Silence from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons on Report of Blatant Plagiarism in Their Journal of Neurosurgery - Excerpt - LwRes

It is imperative that the publisher demonstrate—through their actions—a commitment to upholding the highest standards of ethics and intellectual property rights. The publisher must take immediate and decisive action such as retracting or removing the infringing content. Otherwise, the publisher is knowingly endorsing, permitting or otherwise allowing ongoing misinformation and the perpetual violation of Graffius' intellectual property.

Details follow. If there's an update on this consequential matter after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Plagiarism in a AANS JNS Publication - Fingers Grab Grabbing Stealing IP Intellectual Property - LwRes

Details on the Plagiarism

On 24 September 2024, Scott M. Graffius observed plagiarism in a
Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) publication of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. That same day, Graffius wrote to the publisher, the editors, and the authors of the violating material. His email was titled, 'JNS paper plagiarized and damaged the marketability and value of Scott M. Graffius’ copyrighted property.' It contained detailed specifics and indisputable evidence. Saved as a PDF, Graffius' email is 19 pages.

As a high-level overview, thumbnails of the 19-page email are shown below. Then, select 'readable' excerpts are provided.

Graffius v JNSPG AANS UM JNS Muhlestein Chang Justice Johnson Brown Popadich - Blg Exhibit - Big Thumbnail

Excerpts from Graffius' 19-page email follow. They're shown in italic font.

Here's an excerpt from the introduction section of Graffius' email.

Authors of a Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) paper plagiarized Graffius’ copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property, constituting a profound and disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights. Here are the specifics on the publication.

  • Publication: Journal of Neurosurgery
  • Publisher: JNS Publishing Group, American Association of Neurological Surgeons
  • Paper: Developing interdisciplinary research teams in neurosurgery: key elements to success in brachial plexus and peripheral nerve surgery
  • Authors: Whitney E. Muhlestein, MD; Kate W. C. Chang, MA, MS; Denise Justice, OTRL, Sarah Johnson, MS, OTRL; Shawn Brown; and Miriana Popadich, MSN, NP-C
  • Publication Date: 12 May 2023
  • Volume/Issue: Volume 139: Issue 6
  • Page Range: 1552-1559
  • DOI link: https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.4.JNS222254

Here's an excerpt from the section of the email with background information.

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman, Ph.D. and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius’ first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development.’ It’s a unique perspective on the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — and it’s inclusive of the characteristics/features/traits and strategies for each phase.

Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ intellectual property is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

The integrated text from Graffius’ copyrighted property applies in this case.

Graffius initially developed his intellectual property in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it. An authorized example of his copyrighted property applicable in this case (2022 edition) is here: https://www.scottgraffius.com/blog/files/teams- 2022.html .

Here's more from the section of the email with background information.

Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: “Copyright © 2008-2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.”

Additionally, his respective article includes this: “To request permission to use the 'Phases of Team Development' visual, contact Scott M. Graffius. If approved, high resolution JPG and PNG image files will be provided, subject to terms and conditions.”

And also this: “© Copyright 2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.”

Conference organizers, businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he’s presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ intellectual property is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions- Rate-Card-for-2024-2025-v24071607.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, many organizations around the world have featured and used his copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ work. Select examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Erste Group Bank AG (Austria),
  • FINAT,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • FSU College of Medicine,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute (Germany),
  • IEEE,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • LeadingEng,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Manufacturers Alliance,
  • Microsoft,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Torrens University (Australia),
  • Tufts University,
  • U.S. National Park Service,
  • U.S. Tennis Association,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway (Ireland),
  • Victorian Institute of Technology (Australia),
  • Virginia Tech,
  • Warsaw University,
  • Western Sydney University (Australia),
  • World Resources Institute,
  • Yale University,
  • ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences,
  • and many others.

The following excerpts are from the section of the email detailing the violation.

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are clearly noted.

Authors (Whitney E. Muhlestein, MD; Kate W. C. Chang, MA, MS; Denise Justice, OTRL, Sarah Johnson, MS, OTRL; Shawn Brown; and Miriana Popadich, MSN, NP-C) of the JNS paper (
'Developing interdisciplinary research teams in neurosurgery: key elements to success in brachial plexus and peripheral nerve surgery') did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

Nevertheless, the authors used Graffius’ copyrighted property in their JNS article: they plagiarized Graffius’ work, damaging the marketability and value of his intellectual property.

The following excerpts from the email provide some side-by-side examples of Graffius' copyrighted property and the plagiarism in the JNS publication.

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “High motivation, trust, and empathy”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “High motivation, trust, and empathy”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Individuals defer to team needs”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Individuals defer to team needs”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Effectively producing deliverables”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Effectively producing deliverables”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Consistent performance”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Consistent performance”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Demonstrations of interdependence”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Demonstrations of interdependence”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Purpose and goals are well-understood”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Purpose and goals are well-understood”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “More confident”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “More confidence”

  • Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Members are engaged and supportive”
  • Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Members are engaged and supportive”

The exhibit below also shows some examples of the blatant plagiarism.

Graffius v JNSPG AANS UM JNS Muhlestein Chang Justice Johnson Brown Popadich - Blg Exhibit - SideBySide

The following excerpts are from the conclusion section of Graffius' email.

Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: “Copyright © 2008-2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.” Additionally, his article includes this: “To request permission to use the 'Phases of Team Development' visual, contact Scott M. Graffius. If approved, high resolution JPG and PNG image files will be provided, subject to terms and conditions.” And also this: “© Copyright 2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.”

Authors (Whitney E. Muhlestein, MD; Kate W. C. Chang, MA, MS; Denise Justice, OTRL, Sarah Johnson, MS, OTRL; Shawn Brown; and Miriana Popadich, MSN, NP-C) of the JNS paper (Developing interdisciplinary research teams in neurosurgery: key elements to success in brachial plexus and peripheral nerve surgery) did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

The authors of the JNS paper used Graffius’ copyrighted property, including plagiarizing it. The JNS paper did not attribute material to Graffius through citation or otherwise. By doing so, the authors are wrongly leading others to falsely believe that they are the author and owner of Graffius’ respective copyrighted content.

The JNS authors’ plagiarism damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ copyrighted property.

The aforementioned actions of the authors of the JNS paper are a disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

The following excerpt is also from the conclusion section of Graffius' email.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. He is consulting with an IP attorney in Los Angeles. Graffius reserves his rights in this disturbing and consequential matter.

The preceding provided excerpts of key content—not the full transcript—of Graffius' email.

Authors of the
Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) paper blatantly plagiarized Graffius’ copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property, constituting a profound and disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

It is shocking that neither the publisher nor any of the editors or authors have responded to Graffius' report on the violation. By not acknowledging receipt of the plagiarism report, the publisher signals a lack of transparency, a lack of professionalism, and a lack of commitment to integrity.

It is imperative that the publisher, JNS Publishing Group / the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, demonstrate—through their actions—a commitment to upholding the highest standards of ethics and intellectual property rights. The publisher must take immediate and decisive action such as retracting or removing the infringing content. Otherwise, they risk losing their credibility and the trust placed in them by scientific and academic communities.

If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

Read on to learn:

  • About the Journal of Neurosurgery,
  • About the American Association of Neurological Surgeons,
  • About Scott M. Graffius,
  • References/Sources,
  • How to Cite This Article,
  • Post-Publication Notes,
  • and more.

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About the Journal of Neurosurgery

The
Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of neurosurgery. It is published by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the editor-in-chief is James Rutka. The JNS brands itself as the world’s leading journal on neurosurgery and the official journal of the AANS.

Visit the
JNS website to learn more.

Note: Scott M. Graffius included (among others) James Rutka, AANS Editor-in-Chief, on the 24 September 2024 email detailing the plagiarism violation.

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About the American Association of Neurological Surgeons


The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) is dedicated to advancing neurological surgery. The AANS says that through rigorous education, groundbreaking research, robust advocacy, and the advancement of outcomes science, it strives to ensure the highest standards of patient care are met and exceeded.
Katie O. Orrico is Chief Executive Officer of the AANS.

Visit the
AANS website to learn more.

Note: Scott M. Graffius included (among others) Katie O. Orrico, AANS CEO, on the 24 September 2024 email detailing the plagiarism violation.

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About Scott M. Graffius


Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blue_-_1000x1000_-LwRes

Scott M. Graffius is a global leader in agile project management, an expert on teamwork tradecraft, an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms, a creator, a consultant, a trainer, an award-winning author, and an international public speaker.

He's generated over $1.9 billion of business value in aggregate for Global Fortune 500 businesses and other organizations he's served — as a consultant through
Exceptional PPM and PMO Solutions and Exceptional Agility, and as a member of staff at organizations. Businesses and industries range from consumer products to advanced technology (including AI, R&D), e-commerce, music, streaming/OTT video, television, film, video games, financial services, government, and more.

Graffius and content from his books (
Agile Scrum and Agile Transformation), talks, workshops, and more have been featured and used by businesses, professional associations, governments, and universities around the world. Examples include Adobe, American Management Association, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Bayer, Boston University, Broadcom, Cisco, Deimos Aerospace, DevOps Institute, EU's European Commission, Ford Motor Company, Hasso Plattner Institute Germany, IEEE, Johns Hopkins University, London South Bank University, Microsoft, National Academy of Sciences, New Zealand Government, Oracle, Project Management Institute, Torrens University Australia, UC San Diego, TBS Switzerland, UK Sports Institute, University of Galway Ireland, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Tennis Association, Virginia Tech, Warsaw University of Technology, Yale University, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, and many others.

He delights audiences around the world with dynamic and engaging talks and workshops. He's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries. Visit
here to learn more and here to ask Scott to speak at your event.

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Scott_M_Graffius_Agile_Scrum_v22123007_LR_1000x1000_sq

Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.

There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.

With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions,
Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:

  • Implement and use the most popular agile frameworkโ€•Scrum;
  • Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement; and
  • Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.

Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”

Winner of 17 first place awards.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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About
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

Scott_M_Graffius_Agile_Transformation_LR_1000x505

Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.

Based on actual events,
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.

The award-winning book by
Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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References/Sources


The following is a list of material on publishing standards and procedures. Some cover the reporting and handling of plagiarism.

  1. Alter, Alexandra (2019, September 22). It’s a Fact: Mistakes are Embarrassing the Publishing Industry. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/business/publishing-books-errors.html.
  2. American Psychological Association (2019, November). Correction Notices. Available at: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/research-publication/correction-notices.
  3. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) (2018, November 15). ACM Publications Policy on the Withdrawal, Correction, Retraction, and Removal of Works from ACM Publications and ACM DL. Available at: https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/retraction-policy.
  4. Cambridge University Press (n.d.). Publishing Ethics. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/flow/information/journal-policies/publishing-ethics.
  5. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (n.d.). Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections. Available at: https://publicationethics.org/postpublication.
  6. Elsevier (n.d.). Policy and Best practice: Errata & Corrigenda. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/editor/perk/policy-and-best-practice-errata-and-corrigenda.
  7. Emerald Publishing (n.d.). Article Withdrawal & Correction. Available at: https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/publish-with-us/author-policies/article-withdrawal-correction.
  8. Faust, Jessica (2007, October 3). Typos and Errors After Publication. Available at: https://bookendsliterary.com/typos-and-errors-after-publication.
  9. Graffius, Scott M. (2024, March 22). The Protocol for Reporting an Error to an Author or Publisher. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/error-reporting.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18830.98883.
  10. Graffius, Scott M. (2021, November 10). An Error Was Introduced Into the Seventh Edition of 'A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)'. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/pmbok7.html.
  11. Idunn (n.d.). Publishing and Research Ethics Policy. Available at: https://www.idunn.no/info/publiseringsetikk.
  12. IEEE (n.d.). Publishing Ethics: Guidelines and Policies: Post-Publication Policies. Available at: https://books.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/book-publishing-at-ieee/publishing-ethics/guidelines-and-policies/post-publication-policies.
  13. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) (n.d.). Guidelines for Ethical Behavior in Publishing. Available at: https://pubsonline.informs.org/page/opre/guidelines-for-ethical-behavior-in-publishing.
  14. IntechOpen (n.d.). Retraction and Correction Policy. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/page/retraction-and-correction-policy.
  15. Marasoviฤ‡, Tea; Utrobiฤ‰iฤ‡, Ana; and Maruลiฤ‡, Ana (2018, March 31). Transparency of Retracting and Replacing Articles. The Lancet, 391 (10127): 1244-1245.
  16. Nature (n.d.). Editorial and Publishing Policies. Available at: https://www.nature.com/srep/journal-policies/editorial-policies.
  17. O’Reilly Media (n.d.). Errata for Java in a Nutshell. Available at: https://www.oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=0636920030775.
  18. Palgrave Macmillan (n.d.). Corrections and Retractions. Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions.
  19. Pearson Education / InformIT (n.d.). Contact Us: Submit Errata. Available at: https://www.informit.com/about/contact_us/index.aspx?ContactUs_Topics_Partners_id=9d39709c-c911-4c96-ac2c-2c5a22d68ba9.
  20. Project Management Institute (PMI) (n.d.). PMI Standards Program Comment Form. Available at: https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/pmbok-standards/pmi-standards-program-comment-form.pdf.
  21. Project Management Institute (PMI) (n.d.). Standards Errata Sheets. Available at: https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/foundational/pmbok/errata-sheets.
  22. Public Library of Science (PLOS) (n.d.). Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/corrections-and-retractions.
  23. SAE International (n.d.). ARINC Standard – Errata Report Template. Available at: https://wcm14.sae.org/site/binaries/content/assets/itc/content/arinc/errata-form.docx [note: selecting the link will download the file].
  24. Sage Publications (n.d.). Sage Corrections and Retractions Policy. Available at: https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/sage-corrections-and-retractions-policy.
  25. Science Publishing Group (n.d.). Ethical Guidelines. Available at: https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/information/ethical-guidelines.
  26. Springer (n.d.). Editorial Policies: Corrections and Retractions. Available at: https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions.
  27. Taylor & Francis (n.d.). Publishing Ethics for Journal Editors: FAQs. Available at: https://editorresources.taylorandfrancis.com/publishing-ethics-for-editors/publishing-ethics-faqs.
  28. Ubiquity Press (n.d.). Correction and Retraction Policy. Available at: https://ubiquitypress.com/site/corrections.
  29. Warner, Brooke (2019, April 26). How to Publish a Perfect Book. Available at: https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/pw-select/article/79902-how-to-publish-a-perfect-book.html.
  30. Wiley (n.d.). Best Practice Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics. Available at: https://authorservices.wiley.com/ethics-guidelines/index.html.
  31. Wiley Author Services (n.d.). Wiley's Policy for Handling Retractions, Withdrawals, and Expressions of Concern. Available at: https://authorservices.wiley.com/ethics-guidelines/retractions-and-expressions-of-concern.html.
  32. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (n.d.). Managing Intellectual Property in the Book Publishing Industry. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/868/wipo_pub_868.pdf.

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How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, October 8). Radio Silence from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons on Report of Blatant Plagiarism in Their ‘Journal of Neurosurgery’ Publication. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/aans-jns-publication.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25837.40160

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Update on 11 October 2024

As a recap, Graffius’ 24 September 2024 report provided indisputable proof of plagiarism. Graffius emailed the detailed report to the publisher, the editors, and the authors. However, weeks passed with radio silence. There was not even an acknowledgement of receipt of the report.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. The publisher’s non-response signaled that they were knowingly endorsing, permitting or otherwise allowing ongoing misinformation and the perpetual violation of Graffius' intellectual property. For those reasons, Graffius expanded communications on this consequential matter.
Here's one example (of many).

On 11 October 2024, the publisher sent their first response to Graffius. Here’s an excerpt from the publisher’s email (it appears in italic font, within quotation marks):

“Thank you for your email and your patience as we have looked into this matter. We have concluded our investigation. The author did indeed unintentionally include unattributed references to your work. An erratum and article correction by the author are in process. Once submitted to us, time to publication is usually 2-3 weeks. I would expect this process to be concluded in less than 4 weeks’ time. I will send you a link to the errata and corrected paper for your files once they have been published online.”

Again, the above is an excerpt from—not a full transcript of—the publisher’s email to Graffius.

The publisher used the term “unintentionally.” That term, whether referencing a ridiculous excuse of the plagiarizing authors or otherwise, is counter-indicated by the undeniable facts in this serious matter and should not be used. For that reason, Graffius responded to the publisher’s email the same day. Here’s an excerpt from Graffius’ email (it appears in italic font, within quotation marks):

“Your response warrants a reply. So here it is.

I will not re-state my full 24 September 2024* report of the indisputable facts. But here’s an excerpt:

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “High motivation, trust, and empathy”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “High motivation, trust, and empathy”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Individuals defer to team needs”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Individuals defer to team needs”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Effectively producing deliverables”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Effectively producing deliverables”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Consistent performance”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Consistent performance”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Demonstrations of interdependence”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Demonstrations of interdependence”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Purpose and goals are well-understood”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Purpose and goals are well-understood”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “More confident”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “More confidence”

๐ŸŸข Content from Scott M. Graffius 2022 copyrighted property: “Members are engaged and supportive”
๐Ÿ”ด Content from 2023 JNS article, plagiarizing Graffius’ work: “Members are engaged and supportive”

My copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on my copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property. Specifically, it reads: ‘Copyright © 2008-2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.’ Additionally, my corresponding publication includes this: ‘© Copyright 2022 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.’

Authors (Whitney E. Muhlestein, MD; Kate W. C. Chang, MA, MS; Denise Justice, OTRL, Sarah Johnson, MS, OTRL; Shawn Brown; and Miriana Popadich, MSN, NP-C) of the JNS paper ('Developing interdisciplinary research teams in neurosurgery: key elements to success in brachial plexus and peripheral nerve surgery') did not request nor receive permission to use my copyrighted property.

Plagiarism is defined as ‘to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another's production) without crediting the source’ (source: Merriam-Webster). It infringes on the intellectual property rights of others, results in misinformation, and often violates copyright.

The authors of the JNS paper used my copyrighted property, including plagiarizing it. Most of their plagiarism was word-for-word use of my intellectual property.

The JNS paper did not attribute material to me through citation or otherwise. By doing so, the authors are wrongly leading others to falsely believe that they are the author and owner of my respective copyrighted content.

So, these author(s)—who have been proven to be plagiarizers—claim the violation was done “unintentionally”? They unintentionally took my copyrighted property and used it (mostly word-for-word) unintentionally, and unintentionally failed to credit me on their respective diagram, and also unintentionally failed to cite me in the references section of the paper? The authors are insulting others with their excuse. “Unintentionally” is a ridiculous and desperate attempt to ‘minimize’ or ‘spin’ their blatant violation. I reject it entirely and so should you.

Wouldn’t it be refreshing to see the proven plagiarizers take a nice turn and demonstrate integrity, sincerity, and remorse?! They could have, and should have, simply said that what they did was wrong. However, by asserting “unintentionally,” the authors are demonstrating an ongoing lack of integrity, sincerity, and remorse. I must say, I’m greatly concerned.

Maybe the authors are procedurally allowed to (falsely) claim whatever they want, including “unintentionally,” in their response to the charges. However, if “unintentionally” (or a similar term) appears in the official record—whether in an erratum, retraction, or other action—it must be noted that “unintentionally” (or a similar term) is the claim of the authors of the JNS paper. It is vital that the that it is made clear that “unintentionally” (or a similar operative term) is not the conclusion or position of others. Here, 'others' includes me. Given the facts and without bias, ‘others’ certainty also includes you, the Journal of Neurosurgery, JNS Publishing Group, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and others.

Plagiarism is a profound and disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and intellectual property rights. The authors of the JNS paper damaged the marketability and value of my copyrighted property.

I maintain, enforce, and protect my copyright and other intellectual property rights. As mentioned earlier, I am consulting with an IP attorney in Los Angeles. I reserve my rights in this disturbing and consequential matter.

Given the serious nature of this issue, please reply with a short confirmation that you received this communication.”


Again, the above is an excerpt from—not a full transcript of—Graffius’ email to the publisher.

The publisher replied the same day with (it appears in italic font, within quotation marks):

“That word was solely mine, and not a reflection of what will be conveyed. You are correct that it is irrelevant to the discussion. Apologies for the miscommunication. Please be assured we do not take this situation lightly. Acknowledging receipt of your correspondence with this email. I will be back in touch soon.”

Again, the above is an excerpt from—not a full transcript of—the publisher’s email to Graffius.

Any further updates will appear here.

Update on 12 November 2024

On 12 November 2024, Graffius sent a follow up email to the publisher. Here's an excerpt from the message (it appears in italic font, within quotation marks):

"Chief Publications Officer Gillian Shasby,

Until the infringing article is appropriately addressed, it continues to spread misinformation and violate my intellectual property rights.

I provided notification of the infringement on 24 September (which may have appeared a few minutes into the following day). That was 49 days ago.

On 11 October, I was informed that: “... expect this process to be concluded in less than 4 weeks’ time.” That was 32 days (4.6 weeks) ago.

Why hasn’t this been addressed?

Exactly when will it be addressed?

I expressly reserve all rights in this troubling, damaging, and consequential matter.

Sincerely,

Scott M. Graffius"

Any further updates will appear here.

Update on 15 November 2024

Chief Publications Officer Gillian Shasby sent an email to Graffius. The email reported that:

  • The publisher will rectify the current lack of attribution and correct the scientific record by updating the legend to Figure 3 and add Graffius’ work to the References.
  • The publisher will publish an Erratum, stating that permission was not received and proper attribution was not given for the use of copyrighted material in Figure 3 of the paper and that permission has now been received and correctly attributed, and will include a link to the corrected paper. The Erratum will be deposited to PubMed and Crossref.
  • The publisher will correct the paper and upload it to replace the current version. A note will appear within the corrected paper, informing the reader of the change that has been made and linking to the Erratum. All deposited versions (PubMed, CrossRef) will be replaced with the corrected paper. This process is in accordance with best practices for scientific publication.

After the changes have been implemented or if there are other updates, the information will be added to this Post-Publication Notes section.

Update on 20 December 2024

This matter was resolved on 20 December 2024.

The publisher published an
Erratum.

Graffius published new
article.

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Copyright


Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.


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The short link for this article is
https://bit.ly/aans-jns


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TurningWest's 'Trial'

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

ScottGraffius_Com - TurningWests Trial - Lady Justice - LwRes



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If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Introduction

Plagiarism—defined as ‘to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another's production) without crediting the source’ (source:
Merriam-Webster)—infringes on the intellectual property rights of others, results in misinformation, and often violates copyright.

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Background

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development’ as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development—Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning—inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Graffius' intellectual property (IP) is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

Graffius initially developed his ‘Phases of Team Development’ unique material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it.

For reference, the visual applicable to this case (2021 edition) is shown below [Exhibit 1] and is available at:
https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22040.42246.

Scott M Graffiius - Phases of Team Development - 2021 Edition - Copyright Scott M Graffius - All Rights Reserved - blg LwRes

As shown above, Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: “Copyright © 2008-2021 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.”

Again, this 2021 edition is referenced because it is the one applicable to this case.

Organizations around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

Scott M Graffius has delivered 91 talks and workshops across 25 countries - passport style - LwRes

Graffius ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at
https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2024-2025-v24071607.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, his copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ intellectual property is featured and used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the globe. Examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Erste Group Bank AG (Austria),
  • FINAT,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • FSU College of Medicine,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute,
  • IEEE,
  • James Madison University,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • LeadingEng,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Manufacturers Alliance,
  • Microsoft,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Torrens University Australia,
  • Tufts University,
  • U.S. National Park Service,
  • U.S. Tennis Association,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway Ireland,
  • Victorian Institute of Technology (Australia),
  • Virginia Tech,
  • Warsaw University,
  • Western Sydney University,
  • World Resources Institute,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

TurningWest Scandal - Blg Hdr - SQ2 - LwRes

Details on the Plagiarism


Note: All evidence has been preserved.

A whistleblower tip informed Scott M. Graffius that a video is using Graffius’ intellectual property. The video was identified as:

  • Publisher of video: TurningWest
  • Date of publication: 16 September 2024
  • Title of video: ‘9 13 24 Mastering Team Dev webinar’ (note: the preceding is what is listed on YouTube as the title; however, for reference, the video itself notes that the title is: 'Mastering Team Development: Key Modules and Performance Examples')
  • Link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7qldELhp7s

Exhibit 2 is shown below. It provides an overview, including thumbnail images from the the video.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit 2 - LwRes

Graffius reviewed TurningWest’s 2024 video and saw numerous examples of material—content on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development—plagiarized from Graffius’ 2021 copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property.

TurningWest did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ 2021 copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property. Yet, TurningWest used it (some with slight rewording such as changing "recognizing" to "recognize" and similar, which remains plagiarism) commercially and without attribution.

Again, plagiarism is defined as ‘to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own: use (another's production) without crediting the source’ (source:
Merriam-Webster). TurningWest’s presentation plagiarized Graffius’ copyrighted ’Phases of Team Development,’ violating his intellectual property.

Instances of TurningWest changing a word from a section from Graffius’ copyrighted property that’s in the present participle form (such as "recognizing") to the present simple form (such as "recognize") or otherwise similar slight rewording is still stealing Graffius' words and ideas; it is still plagiarism. The combination of such rewording and lack of attribution may be seen as a signal of intent to deceive. Regardless of whether the infringement was intentional or "inadvertent," the actions misrepresent the originator of the words and ideas, which is at the heart of plagiarism.

Plagiarism is a profound and disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights.

Graffius informed TurningWest and TurningWest’s Steve Goodwin about the infringement. An excerpt: "An authorized example of my copyrighted property is at https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22040.42246 and other locations. Steven Goodwin and Megan Sands of TurningWest's presentation used some of my intellectual property ... with no attribution to me whatsoever. By doing so, they are falsely leading others to wrongly believe that they are the authors and owners of my intellectual property. Uncool."

Here’s
a reaction from TurningWest's Goodwin: "I have never heard of you before and have never seen any of your materials. This is very basic information and foundational to all team formation efforts." As shown by the indisputable proof to come, Goodwin's reaction is problematic for him. TurningWest plagiarized Graffius' work.

Here’s
another reaction from TurningWest's Goodwin: "Who are you and what kind of scam are you trying to pull? I have NEVER heard your name before nor have I EVER seen one word of your materials." Again, as shown by the indisputable proof to come, Goodwin's reaction is problematic for him. TurningWest plagiarized Graffius' work.

Additionally, by TurningWest not taking responsibility for and addressing their damaging plagiarism, TurningWest continues to spread misinformation and is directly responsible for their ongoing violation of Graffius' intellectual property.

When Graffius reviewed the TurningWest's infringing 2024 video, he saw that content on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development was teeming with plagiarized material from Graffius’ 2021 copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property. The indisputable proof follows.

Here's Exhibit 3. It's a delineated, side-by-side comparison of content on the characteristics and strategies for the Forming phase of team development. Respective content from Graffius' 2021 copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' appears with a green background. Material from TurningWest's infringing 2024 video is exposed with a red background.
It shows examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words or ideas as their own.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit X - 3 - LwRes

Exhibit 4 is below. It provides diligent, side-by-side comparison of content on the characteristics and strategies for the Storming phase of team development. Respective content from Graffius' 2021 copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' appears with a green background. Material from TurningWest's infringing 2024 video is exposed with a red background.
It shows more examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words or ideas as their own.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit X - 4 - LwRes

Here's Exhibit 5. It's a delineated, side-by-side comparison of content on the characteristics and strategies for the Norming phase of team development. Respective content from Graffius' 2021 copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' appears with a green background. Material from TurningWest's infringing 2024 video is exposed with a red background.
It shows additional examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words or ideas as their own.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit X - 5 - LwRes

Here's Exhibit 6. It's a delineated, side-by-side comparison of content on the characteristics and strategies for the Performing phase of team development. Respective content from Graffius' 2021 copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' appears with a green background. Material from TurningWest's infringing 2024 video is exposed with a red background.
It shows examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words or ideas as their own.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit X - 6 - LwRes

Here's Exhibit 7. It's a delineated, side-by-side comparison of content on the characteristics and strategies for the Adjourning phase of team development. Respective content from Graffius' 2021 copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' appears with a green background. Material from TurningWest's infringing 2024 video is exposed with a red background.
It shows additional examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words or ideas as their own.

Graffius v TurningWest Goodwin - Exhibit X - 7 - LwRes

Each of the five immediately preceding exhibits (Exhibit 3, Exhibit 4, Exhibit 5, Exhibit 6, and Exhibit 7) showed examples of TurningWest's plagiarism—TurningWest stealing and passing off Graffius' words and ideas as their own. Individually, the exhibits are compelling.
Collectively, they form an irrefutable, damning picture of TurningWest's plagiarism.

Given the indisputable facts, TurningWest’s Goodwin must now reflect on his earlier reactions with regret, as they have cast him in an entirely unfavorable light.

Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' is registered with the US Copyright Office. TurningWest did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius' property. Yet, TurningWest used Graffius' property commercially and without attribution. TurningWest's actions are a disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

TurningWest's plagiarism damaged the marketability and value of Graffius' copyrighted property. Further, by not taking responsibility for and addressing their damaging plagiarism, TurningWest continues to spread misinformation and is directly responsible for their ongoing violation of Graffius' intellectual property.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. Plagiarism often involves the violation of copyright, and copyright infringement is so serious that it is a Federal crime. For many reasons including facts covered in this article, if Graffius opts to take legal action against TurningWest for their violation of his copyright, the Federal case will include the greater of statutory damages or actual damages, special charges for willful infringement (which has been clarified by the courts to be either "intentional behavior" or merely "reckless behavior"), and additional costs.

TurningWest Infringement - Creative - Lady Justice - Holding iPhone - LwRes

If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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About Scott M. Graffius


Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blue_-_1000x1000_-LwRes

Scott M. Graffius is a global leader in agile project management, an expert on teamwork tradecraft, an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms, a creator, a consultant, a trainer, an award-winning author, and an international public speaker.

See his
bio to learn more.

IEEE Xplore Publication Featured Scott M Graffius Phases of Team Development Work - rev Sept 19 2024 - HiRes

Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by ATACC at TBS24 Conference - LwRes2

UC San Diego Features Scott M Graffius Intellectual Property on Teamwork - Geisel - Creative 24101007 - LwRes

Johns Hopkins University Features Work of Scott M Graffius - v24080107 - Tw - LwRes

Semiconductor manufacturing firm Lam Research features Scott M Graffiusโ€™ โ€˜Phases of Team Developmentโ€™ Intellectual Property - Tw Sz Format - LwRes

Bayer Licensed IP of Agile Expert Scott M Graffius - AgileScrumGuide_com - LwRes

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

Scott_M_Graffius_Agile_Scrum_v22123007_LR_1000x1000_sq

Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.

There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.

With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions,
Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:

  • Implement and use the most popular agile frameworkโ€•Scrum;
  • Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement; and
  • Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.

Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”

Winner of 17 first place awards.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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About
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

Scott_M_Graffius_Agile_Transformation_LR_1000x505

Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.

Based on actual events,
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.

The award-winning book by
Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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scott_m_graffius_-_blog_spacer_-_v23111107_-_cite

How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, October 8). TurningWest's Trial. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/turningwest.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19899.84008.

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Update on 6 November 2024

To date, the TurningWest has failed to remove their infringing material. Accordingly, TurningWest knowingly and willfully continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Any further updates on this consequential matter will appear here.

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scott_m_graffius_-_blog_spacer_-_v23111107_-_x---rev-24101207---content-acknowledgements---lwres

Content Acknowledgements

This article uses limited excerpts from TurningWest, attributed to TurningWest and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis. TurningWest name, mark, and content (except for what was plagiarized) are the property of TurningWest.

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scott_m_graffius_-_blog_spacer_-_v23111107_-_x---rev-24101207---copyright---lwres

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.


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A PDF of this article is
here

The short link for this article is
https://bit.ly/turningwest



custom - back to main page of blog


‘Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators’ Violates Scott M. Graffius’ Copyright

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

โ€˜Comparative Methodological Guidelinesโ€™ uses Scott M Graffiusโ€™ copyrighted property without authorization or attribution - the infringing publication spreads misinformation - LwRes



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If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Copyrighted Property

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development’ as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Graffius' intellectual property (IP) is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

Graffius initially developed his ‘Phases of Team Development’ unique material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it.

For reference, the visual from the edition applicable to this case (4 January 2021 edition) is shown below [Exhibit 1] and is available at:
https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22040.42246. The integrated text applies.

scott-m-graffius---phases-of-team-development-2021-update---lr-for-blog-squashed-2

As shown above, Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: “Copyright © 2008-2021 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.”

Organizations around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

scott-m-graffius-has-delivered-91-talks-and-workshops-across-25-countries---passport-style---lwres

Graffius ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at
https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2024-2025-v24071607.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, his ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is featured and used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute,
  • IEEE,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • LeadingEng,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Manufacturers Alliance,
  • Microsoft,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Torrens University Australia,
  • U.S. National Park Service,
  • U.S. Tennis Association,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway Ireland,
  • Virginia Tech,
  • Warsaw University,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Copyrights protect the intellectual property rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Graffius is vigilant in upholding, protecting and enforcing his copyrights and other IP rights.

COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT - WHITE TEXT ON RED BACKGROUND - LwRes

Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators Violates Scott M. Graffius’ Copyright

Here's information on the infringing publication:


Details, including indisputable proof of the violation, are reported next.

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

The authors (Maša Cek, Kety Zhvania-Tyson, Ema ลฝufiฤ‡, Diana Maminaishvili, Sara Sušanj, and Tatia Gogishvili) of
Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

Nevertheless, the authors used Graffius’ 4 January 2021 copyrighted property in their publication.

Exhibit 2 is below. It shows thumbnail images of pages 1, 2, 73, 75, 77, 78, 80, and 89 from the infringing publication.

Graffius v Cek KZhvania-Tyson ZฬŒuficฬ Maminaishvili SusฬŒanj Gogishvili TRENDSS Erasmus+ EU - Exhibits X - LwRes

Comparing Graffius' copyrighted 4 January 2021 'Phases of Team Development' intellectual property with
Comparative Methodological Guidelines reveals that Comparative Methodological Guidelines violated Graffius' copyright. There are too many examples to list, but some follow.

The infringing publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development
word-for-word. Here are some examples:

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Some resistance"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Some resistance"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Lack of participation"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Lack of participation"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Requesting & encouraging feedback"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Requesting and encouraging feedback"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Identifying issues & facilitating their resolution"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Identifying issues and facilitating their resolutions"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Building trust by honoring commitments"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Building trust by honouring commitments"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Sadness"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Sadness"

Additionally the infringing publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development with
slight re-wording (which, in context, is still infringement). Here are some examples:

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "More confident"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "Confidence is high"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development has this content: "Improved commitment"
๐Ÿ”ด Infringing Comparative Methodological Guidelines has this material: "High commitment"

The indisputable proof shows that the infringing publication used Graffius' copyrighted property.

The authors used Graffius' material but did not attribute the material to him through citation in-line (in pages 73, 75, 77, 78, 80, and 89 of the infringing publication), or in the references and resources section (page 89 of the infringing publication) or otherwise. Through their actions or failure to act, the authors are wrongly leading others to falsely believe that they (or others) are the author and owner of Graffius’ respective copyrighted content.

Additionally, the authors made their violation of Graffius’ intellectual property even worse by marking page 2 of their infringing publication with the following (with hyperlink): "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)" — where the link is
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. At the preceding link, Creative Commons specifies that CC BY 4.0 means that: "You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially." Again, the authors do not have any rights to Graffius' intellectual property. By the marking the infringing document with "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)," the authors are falsely informing and instructing readers that anyone can freely copy and redistribute or adapt Graffius' copyrighted property in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. That's egregious, appalling, and destructive.

So long as the infringing publication exists in any language or form, it continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property.

EU EC Publication โ€˜Comparative Methodological Guidelinesโ€™ Violates Scott M Graffiusโ€™ Copyright - v8G-AlienW2 - LwRes

Conclusion

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

Authors (Maša Cek, Kety Zhvania-Tyson, Ema ลฝufiฤ‡, Diana Maminaishvili, Sara Sušanj, and Tatia Gogishvili) of
Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators did not request nor receive permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property.

Nevertheless, the authors used Graffius’ 4 January 2021 copyrighted property in their publication.

The authors used a material volume of Graffius’ copyrighted property.

The authors used Graffius' copyrighted property word-for-word and also with slight re-wording (which is still a violation).

The authors did not attribute their use of Graffius' copyrighted property to Graffius through citation or otherwise. Through their actions or failure to act, the authors are wrongly leading others to falsely believe that they (or others) are the author and owner of Graffius’ respective copyrighted content.

Could it possibly get worse? Unfortunately, yes. The authors marked page 2 of their infringing publication with the following (with hyperlink): "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)" — where the link is https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. At the preceding link, Creative Commons specifies that CC BY 4.0 means that: "You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially." Again, the authors do not have any rights to Graffius' intellectual property. By the marking the infringing document with "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)," the authors are falsely informing and instructing readers that anyone can freely copy and redistribute or adapt Graffius' copyrighted property in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. That's egregious, appalling, and destructive.

So long as the infringing publication exists in any language or form, it continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property.

The authors damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ copyrighted property.

For the aforementioned reasons, the authors’ use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor ‘fair dealing’ nor otherwise allowed.

The actions of the authors are a disgraceful breach of professional ethics, moral standards, and Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

The publisher must immediately implement the following three (3) actions:

  1. Remove the Infringing Material. Electronic Versions: Immediately remove the infringing material from digital platforms where it is advertised, promoted, sold, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it. Physical Copies: If physical copies of the material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution; recall any copies already distributed.
  2. Issue a Retraction. Publish a formal retraction notice acknowledging the infringement and the steps taken to rectify the situation. The notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement. The notice is to be clearly visible and accessible.
  3. Notify Relevant Parties. Subscribers and Purchasers and other Recipients: Inform the respective subscribers, purchasers, or recipients of the material about the retraction, ensuring transparency about the issue; again, the notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement. Indexes and Databases: Notify any databases or indexing services that list the material so they can update their records accordingly.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. He reserves his rights in this disturbing and consequential matter.

If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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About the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union

The Erasmus+ Programme, funded by the European Union, is a flagship initiative designed to enhance education, training, youth, and sports across Europe and beyond. Established as a successor to various EU programs, it aims to promote mobility, cooperation, and skills development among individuals and institutions. Erasmus+ supports a wide array of activities including student and staff exchanges, traineeships, and various collaborative projects. Since its inception, it has impacted millions of participants, contributing significantly to cultural exchange and lifelong learning across different sectors of society.

To learn more about the Erasmus+ Programme, visit its
website.

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About Scott M. Graffius


Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blue_-_1000x1000_-LwRes

Scott M. Graffius is a global leader in agile project management, an expert on teamwork tradecraft, an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms, a creator, a consultant, a trainer, an award-winning author, and an international public speaker.

See his
bio to learn more.

IEEE Xplore Publication Featured Scott M Graffius Phases of Team Development Work - rev Sept 19 2024 - HiRes

Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by ATACC at TBS24 Conference - LwRes2

UC San Diego Features Scott M Graffius Intellectual Property on Teamwork - Geisel - Creative 24101007 - LwRes

Johns Hopkins University Features Work of Scott M Graffius - v24080107 - Tw - LwRes

Semiconductor manufacturing firm Lam Research features Scott M Graffiusโ€™ โ€˜Phases of Team Developmentโ€™ Intellectual Property - Tw Sz Format - LwRes

Bayer Licensed IP of Agile Expert Scott M Graffius - AgileScrumGuide_com - LwRes

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

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scott_m_graffius_-_blog_spacer_-_v23111107_-_cite

How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, October 8). ‘Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators’ Violates Scott M. Graffius’ Copyright. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/cmg-eu-ec-publication-infringes-on-copyright-of-scott-m-graffius.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29872.78085.

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Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blog_Spacer_-_v23111107_-_X - rev 24101207 - Content Acknowledgements - LwRes

Content Acknowledgements

This article uses limited excerpts from Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators, attributed to Comparative Methodological Guidelines: Handbook for Educators and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis. Names, marks, and content are the property of their respective owners.

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Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blog_Spacer_-_v23111107_-_X - rev 24101207 - Copyright - LwRes

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.




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Bournemouth University Used Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com



Bournemouth University Used Scott M Graffiusโ€™ Intellectual Property - LwRes

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If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Introduction

A whistleblower/tip informed Scott M. Graffius that Bournemouth University was using his copyrighted property without credit. After Graffius received the details including proof, he confirmed that the report was valid.

The unauthorized and unattributed use of Graffius' copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor ‘fair dealing’ nor otherwise allowed.

Based on the indisputable facts, the bad acts involve the ethical issue of plagiarism and the legal issue of copyright infringement.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. This article serves as a clarion call for Bournemouth University to face the repercussions of, and take responsibility for, their blatant and damaging violation.

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Background

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development’ as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Graffius' intellectual property (IP) is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

Graffius initially developed his ‘Phases of Team Development’ unique material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it.

For reference, the visual from the edition applicable to this case (v2019) [Exhibit 1] is shown below. It is also available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/Using-Bruce- Tuckmans-Phases-of-Team-Development.html and other locations. The integrated text applies.

Graffius v Bournemouth University - Exhibit 1 - Graffius' Copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' - LwRes

As shown above, Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: "Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com."

Organizations around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

scott-m-graffius-has-delivered-91-talks-and-workshops-across-25-countries---passport-style---lwres

Graffius ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are at
https://scottgraffius.com/resources/Exceptional-PPM-and-PMO-Solutions-Rate-Card-for-2024-2025-v24071607.pdf and https://scottgraffius.com/publicspeaker.html, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, his ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is featured and used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include:

  • Adobe,
  • American Management Association,
  • Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
  • Bayer,
  • Boston University,
  • Broadcom,
  • Cisco,
  • Deimos Aerospace,
  • DevOps Institute,
  • Ford Motor Company,
  • Hasso Plattner Institute,
  • IEEE,
  • Johns Hopkins University,
  • LeadingEng,
  • London South Bank University,
  • Manufacturers Alliance,
  • Microsoft,
  • New Zealand Government,
  • Oracle,
  • TBS Switzerland,
  • Torrens University Australia,
  • U.S. National Park Service,
  • U.S. Tennis Association,
  • UC San Diego,
  • UK Sports Institute,
  • University of Galway Ireland,
  • Virginia Tech,
  • Warsaw University,
  • Yale University,
  • and many others.

Copyrights protect the intellectual property rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Graffius is vigilant in upholding, protecting and enforcing his copyrights and other IP rights.

COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT - WHITE TEXT ON RED BACKGROUND - LwRes

Bournemouth University Used Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property Without Authorization or Attribution

Indisputable proof follows.

Exhibit 2 is below. It provides views of Bournemouth University 'Key Programme Information.' Pages 1 of 2 from the programme are shown. A zoomed-in view of page 2—where 'Strategic Sport Management' is circled in red—is also shown.

Bournemouth University Used Scott M Graffiusโ€™ Intellectual Property - Exhibit 2 - Programme - LwRes

Exhibit 3 is below. It shows pages 1 and 7 of the infringing document.

Bournemouth University Used Scott M Graffiusโ€™ Intellectual Property - Exhibit - 3 - Infringing Material - LwRes

As shown above, the infringing document is marked with:
  • “Bournemouth University”
  • “MSc Sport Management”
  • “Strategic Sport Management 23&24”
  • “Theories of Leadership IV: Managing Conflicts”

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

Permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property was not requested nor approved.

Nevertheless, Graffius’ copyrighted property was used in the infringing publication.

Comparing Graffius' copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' intellectual property with the infringing document is revealing.

The infringing publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development word-for-word. Here are some examples:

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Forming: "Questioning"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Forming: "Questioning"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Forming: "Socializing"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Forming: "Socializing"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Forming: "Displaying eagerness"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Forming: "Displaying eagerness"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Storming: "Resistance"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Storming: "Resistance"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Storming: "Lack of participation"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Storming: "Lack of participation"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Storming: "Conflict"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Storming: "Conflict"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Storming: "Competition"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Storming: "Competition"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Storming: "High emotions"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Storming: "High emotions"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Norming: "Reconciliation"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Norming: "Reconciliation"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Norming: "Relief"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Norming: "Relief"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Adjourning: "Sadness"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Adjourning: "Sadness"

Additionally, the infringing publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property on the characteristics and strategies for the phases of team development with slight re-wording (which, in context, is still infringement). Here are some examples:

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Norming: "Members are engaged and supportive"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Norming: "Engaged" and "Supportive"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Performing: "Demonstrations of interdependence"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Performing: "Interdependence"

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted Phases of Team Development property includes this for Adjourning: "Recognition of team and individual efforts"
๐Ÿ”ด The Bournemouth University infringing leadership publication includes this for Adjourning: "Recognition of individual and collective efforts"

The preceding examples are not an exhaustive list.

The comparison in Exhibit 4 (below) also shows the extensive infringement in the educational material from Bournemouth University.

Bournemouth University Used Scott M Graffiusโ€™ Intellectual Property - Exhibit-X - 4 - Side-by-Side - LwRes

Conclusion

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

Permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property was not requested nor approved.

Nevertheless, the infringing publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property.

A significant volume of Graffius’ copyrighted property was used.

The infringing publication used Graffius' copyrighted property word-for-word and also with slight re-wording (which, in context, is still a violation).

The infringing publication did not attribute Graffius’ copyrighted property to Graffius. Regardless of intent, the infringement wrongly leads others to falsely believe that the author of the infringing publication is the author and owner of Graffius’ respective copyrighted property.

So long as the infringing publication exists anywhere, it continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property.

The infringement damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ copyrighted property.

For the aforementioned reasons, the use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor ‘fair dealing’ nor otherwise allowed.

Bournemouth University must immediately implement the following three (3) actions:

  1. Remove the Infringing Material. Electronic Versions: Immediately remove the infringing material from digital platforms where it is advertised, promoted, sold, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it. Physical Copies: If physical copies of the material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution; recall any copies already distributed; destroy physical copies.
  2. Issue a Retraction. Publish a formal retraction notice acknowledging the infringement and the steps taken to rectify the situation. The notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement.
  3. Notify Relevant Parties. Recipients: Inform the respective subscribers, purchasers, or recipients of the material about the retraction, ensuring transparency about the issue; again, the notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement. Indexes and Databases: Notify any databases or indexing services that list the material so they can update their records accordingly.

Graffius maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights.

He reserves his rights in this disturbing and consequential matter.

This case remains open.

If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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About Bournemouth University

Founded in 1992, Bournemouth University is a public university in Bournemouth, England. Its main campus is in neighboring Poole. The university has over 16,000 students.

In 2023, Bournemouth University received a silver rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework, a government assessment of the quality of undergraduate teaching in universities and other higher education providers in England.

In 2024, it was proven that Bournemouth University educational materials infringed on the copyright of Scott M. Graffius.

To learn more about the university, visit
https://www.bournemouth.ac.uk.

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About Scott M. Graffius


Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blue_-_1000x1000_-LwRes

Scott M. Graffius is a global leader in agile project management, an expert on teamwork tradecraft, an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms, a creator, a consultant, a trainer, an award-winning author, and an international public speaker.

See his
bio to learn more.

IEEE Xplore Publication Featured Scott M Graffius Phases of Team Development Work - rev Sept 19 2024 - HiRes

Scott M. Graffius' 'Phases of Team Development' Featured by ATACC at TBS24 Conference - LwRes2

UC San Diego Features Scott M Graffius Intellectual Property on Teamwork - Geisel - Creative 24101007 - LwRes

Johns Hopkins University Features Work of Scott M Graffius - v24080107 - Tw - LwRes

Semiconductor manufacturing firm Lam Research features Scott M Graffiusโ€™ โ€˜Phases of Team Developmentโ€™ Intellectual Property - Tw Sz Format - LwRes

Bayer Licensed IP of Agile Expert Scott M Graffius - AgileScrumGuide_com - LwRes

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.

Update on 6 November 2024

To date, the university has failed to acknowledge receipt of the report of their infringement or otherwise respond.

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication, they will appear here.
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scott_m_graffius_-_blog_spacer_-_v23111107_-_cite

How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, October 9). Bournemouth University Used Scott M. Graffius’ Intellectual Property. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/bournemouth-university-2024.html.

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Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blog_Spacer_-_v23111107_-_X - rev 24101207 - Content Acknowledgements - LwRes

Content Acknowledgements

This article uses limited excerpts from Bournemouth University content, attributed to Bournemouth University and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis.

Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Bournemouth University name, mark, and content (except for what was stolen from others) are the property of Bournemouth University.

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Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blog_Spacer_-_v23111107_-_X - rev 24101207 - Copyright - LwRes

Copyright

Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.




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Pennsylvania State Agency Used Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property

BY SCOTT M. GRAFFIUS | ScottGraffius.com

Pennsylvania State Agency Used Scott M Graffius' Intellectual Property - LwRes




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If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

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Introduction

A whistleblower/tip informed Scott M. Graffius that a Pennsylvania state agency is using his copyrighted property without credit. After Graffius received the details, he confirmed that the report was valid. Based on the indisputable facts, the bad acts involve the ethical issue of plagiarism and the legal issue of copyright infringement. The Pennsylvania state agency's use of Graffius' intellectual property was not ‘fair use’ nor otherwise allowed.

Graffius vigorously maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights. This article serves as a clarion call for the Pennsylvania state agency to face the repercussions of, and take responsibility for, their blatant and damaging violation.

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Background

Informed by the research of Bruce W. Tuckman and Mary Ann C. Jensen, over 100 subsequent studies, and Scott M. Graffius' first-hand professional experience with, and analysis of, team leadership and performance, Graffius created his ‘Phases of Team Development’ as a unique perspective and visual conveying the five phases of team development — Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning — inclusive of a graph showing how performance varies by phase, as well as the characteristics and strategies for each phase.

Graffius' intellectual property (IP) is registered with the United States Copyright Office.

Graffius initially developed his ‘Phases of Team Development’ unique material in 2008, and he periodically refreshes it.

For reference, the visual from the edition applicable to this case (v2019) [Exhibit 1] is shown below. It is also available
here and other locations. The integrated text applies.

Exhibit 1 - LwRes

As shown above, Graffius’ copyright ownership details are integrated into and appear on his copyrighted property. Specifically, it reads: “Copyright © 2008-2019 Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. For permission requests, contact scott@scottgraffius.com.”

Organizations around the world engage Graffius to deliver compelling talks and workshops. To date, he's presented sessions at 91 conferences and other events across 25 countries, including:

  • Armenia,
  • Australia,
  • Brazil,
  • Canada,
  • Czech Republic,
  • Finland,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Greece,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Hungary,
  • India,
  • Ireland,
  • Lithuania,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Nepal,
  • Netherlands,
  • New Zealand,
  • Norway,
  • Romania,
  • Sweden,
  • Switzerland,
  • United Arab Emirates,
  • United Kingdom,
  • and the United States.

Graffius ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is central and key to many of those sessions. His rate card and a listing of his engagements are
here and here, respectively.

With an authorization/license from Graffius, his ‘Phases of Team Development’ IP is featured and used by businesses, professional associations, government agencies, and universities around the world. Examples include:


• Adobe,
• American Management Association,
• Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
• Bayer,
• Boston University,
• Broadcom,
• Cisco,
• Deimos Aerospace,
• DevOps Institute,
• Ford Motor Company,
• Hasso Plattner Institute,
• IEEE,
• Johns Hopkins University,
• LeadingEng,
• London South Bank University,
• Manufacturers Alliance,
• Microsoft,
• New Zealand Government,
• Oracle,
• TBS Switzerland,
• Torrens University Australia,
• U.S. National Park Service,
• U.S. Tennis Association,
• UC San Diego,
• UK Sports Institute,
• University of Galway Ireland,
• Virginia Tech,
• Warsaw University,
• Yale University,
• and many others.

Copyrights protect the intellectual property rights of creators, ensuring they receive recognition and compensation for their work, thus incentivizing creativity and innovation. Graffius is vigilant in upholding, protecting, and enforcing his copyrights and other IP rights.

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services Publication Uses Graffius’ Copyrighted Property Without Permission and Without Attribution, Violating Graffius' Intellectual Property Rights

Exhibit 2 is below. It shows pages 1, 54, 55, and 56 of the infringing publication.

Graffius v Pennsylvania - Exhibit 2 - LwRes

As shown above, the infringing document is marked with:

  • “Pennsylvania”
  • “Department of Human Services”
  • “Office of Developmental Programs”
  • “Quality Management Certification Handbook”

The PDF file is named ‘QM_Handbook_FINAL_20220322.pdf.’

The infringing document is known to reside
here and here.

The infringing document may reside at additional locations.

Exhibit 3 is below. It provides a view of characteristics and strategies content from Graffius’ 2019 copyrighted ‘Phases of Team Development’ property, contrasted with infringing corresponding content from the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ 2022 ‘Quality Management Certification Handbook.’

Graffius v Pennsylvania - Exhibit 3 - LwRes

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

Permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property was not requested nor approved.

Nevertheless, Graffius’ copyrighted property was used in the infringing publication.

Comparing Graffius' copyrighted 'Phases of Team Development' intellectual property with the infringing document is reveals blatant infringement. As a supplement to the visual above, here are some examples, shown in-line:

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: ”Sticking to safe topics”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “stick to safe topics”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Taking the ‘lead’”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “taking the lead”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing clear expectations and consistent instructions”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “providing clear expectations and consistent instructions”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Competition
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “competition”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “High emotions”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “strong emotions”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Normalizing matters”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “normalizing”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “reconciliation”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Members are engaged & supportive”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “engaged and supportive of each other”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Relief, lowered anxiety”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “relief/lowered anxiety”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Developing cohesion”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “cohesion”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Recognizing individual and group efforts”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “recognizing individual and group efforts”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing learning opportunities and feedback”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “providing learning opportunities and feedback”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Monitoring the ‘energy’ of the group”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “monitoring the energy of the group”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Reconciliation”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “reconciliation”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Demonstrations of interdependence”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “demonstration of interdependence”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Ability to effectively produce as a team”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “ability to effectively produce as a team”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “’Guiding from the side’ (minimal intervention)”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “guiding from the side lines with minimal intervention”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Celebrating”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “celebrating”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Encouraging group decision-making & problem-solving”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: “encouraging group decision-making and problem-solving”

๐ŸŸข Graffius’ copyrighted 2019 property includes: “Providing opportunities to share learning across teams”
๐Ÿ”ด The infringing 2022 publication includes this: ”providing opportunities to share learning across teams”

Conclusion

Again, Graffius’ copyright ownership details and permission request information are integrated into and appear on his intellectual property.

Permission to use Graffius’ copyrighted property was not requested nor approved.

Nevertheless, the infringing Pennsylvania Department of Human Services publication used Graffius’ copyrighted property.

A significant volume of Graffius’ copyrighted property was used.

The Pennsylvania Department of Human Services infringing publication did not attribute Graffius’ copyrighted property to Graffius. Accordingly, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services wrongly leads others to falsely believe that it is the author and owner of Graffius’ respective intellectual property.

The Pennsylvania Department of Human Services blatantly violated Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Copyright infringement is disgraceful, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, and illegal.

The Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ infringement damaged the marketability and value of Graffius’ intellectual property.

For the aforementioned reasons, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ use of Graffius’ copyrighted property was not ‘fair use’ nor otherwise allowed.

So long as the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ infringing publication exists anywhere, in any form, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

The Pennsylvania Department of Human Services must immediately implement the following three (3) actions regarding their infringing publication—and any other documents or materials containing infringing content:

  1. Remove the Infringing Material. Electronic Versions: Immediately remove the infringing publication from all digital platforms where it is advertised, promoted, sold, or distributed; this includes removing or disabling any online access to it. Physical Copies: If physical copies of the material are in inventory or circulation, stop further distribution; recall any copies already distributed; destroy all physical copies.
  2. Issue a Retraction. Publish a formal retraction notice acknowledging the infringement and the steps taken to rectify the situation. The notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement.
  3. Notify Relevant Parties. Recipients: Inform the respective subscribers, purchasers, users, or other recipients of the material about the retraction, ensuring transparency about the issue; again, the notice will present the facts as they are—the notice will not "spin" or "downplay" the infringement. Indexes and Databases: Notify any databases or indexing services that list the material so they can update their records accordingly.

Copyrights and other intellectual property rights are essential because they safeguard the works of creators, allowing them to benefit from their efforts, which in turn fosters creativity and innovation. Graffius vigorously maintains, enforces, and protects his copyright and other intellectual property rights.

This troubling and consequential case is open.

If there's an update after this article is published, the information will appear in the Post-Publication Notes section.

Read on to learn:

  • About Pennsylvania,
  • About Scott M. Graffius,
  • References/Sources,
  • How to Cite This Article,
  • Post-Publication Notes,
  • and more.

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About Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.
It’s the fifth-most populous state, with over 13 million residents as of the 2020 U.S. census.

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About Scott M. Graffius


Scott_M_Graffius_-_Blue_-_1000x1000_-LwRes

Scott M. Graffius is a global leader in agile project management, an expert on teamwork tradecraft, an authority on temporal dynamics on social media platforms, a creator, a consultant, a trainer, an award-winning author, and an international public speaker.

See his
bio to learn more.

Scott M Graffius on X - SG on X Design 2 - v Feb 7 2024 - LwRes

Scott M Graffius - Impact_com Platform for Influencers and Affiliates - v April 7 2024 - rev April 10 2024 - LwRes

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About Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions

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Shifting customer needs are common in today's marketplace. Businesses must be adaptive and responsive to change while delivering an exceptional customer experience to be competitive.

There are a variety of frameworks supporting the development of products and services, and most approaches fall into one of two broad categories: traditional or agile. Traditional practices such as waterfall engage sequential development, while agile involves iterative and incremental deliverables. Organizations are increasingly embracing agile to manage projects, and best meet their business needs of rapid response to change, fast delivery speed, and more.

With clear and easy to follow step-by-step instructions,
Scott M. Graffius's award-winning Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions helps the reader:

  • Implement and use the most popular agile frameworkโ€•Scrum;
  • Deliver products in short cycles with rapid adaptation to change, fast time-to-market, and continuous improvement; and
  • Support innovation and drive competitive advantage.

Hailed by Literary Titan as “the book highlights the versatility of Scrum beautifully.”

Winner of 17 first place awards.

Agile Scrum: Your Quick Start Guide with Step-by-Step Instructions is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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About
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change

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Thriving in today's marketplace frequently depends on making a transformation to become more agile. Those successful in the transition enjoy faster delivery speed and ROI, higher satisfaction, continuous improvement, and additional benefits.

Based on actual events,
Agile Transformation: A Brief Story of How an Entertainment Company Developed New Capabilities and Unlocked Business Agility to Thrive in an Era of Rapid Change provides a quick (60-90 minute) read about a successful agile transformation at a multinational entertainment and media company, told from the author's perspective as an agile coach.

The award-winning book by
Scott M. Graffius is available in paperback and ebook/Kindle in the United States and around the world. Some links by country follow.



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References/Sources


The following is a list of material on publishing standards and procedures. Some cover the reporting and handling of copyright infringement.

  1. Alter, Alexandra (2019, September 22). It’s a Fact: Mistakes are Embarrassing the Publishing Industry. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/business/publishing-books-errors.html.
  2. American Psychological Association (2019, November). Correction Notices. Available at: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/research-publication/correction-notices.
  3. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) (2018, November 15). ACM Publications Policy on the Withdrawal, Correction, Retraction, and Removal of Works from ACM Publications and ACM DL. Available at: https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/retraction-policy.
  4. Cambridge University Press (n.d.). Publishing Ethics. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/flow/information/journal-policies/publishing-ethics.
  5. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (n.d.). Post-Publication Discussions and Corrections. Available at: https://publicationethics.org/postpublication.
  6. Elsevier (n.d.). Policy and Best practice: Errata & Corrigenda. Available at: https://www.elsevier.com/editor/perk/policy-and-best-practice-errata-and-corrigenda.
  7. Emerald Publishing (n.d.). Article Withdrawal & Correction. Available at: https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/publish-with-us/author-policies/article-withdrawal-correction.
  8. Faust, Jessica (2007, October 3). Typos and Errors After Publication. Available at: https://bookendsliterary.com/typos-and-errors-after-publication.
  9. Graffius, Scott M. (2024, March 22). The Protocol for Reporting an Error to an Author or Publisher. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/error-reporting.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18830.98883.
  10. Graffius, Scott M. (2021, November 10). An Error Was Introduced Into the Seventh Edition of 'A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)'. Available at: https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/pmbok7.html.
  11. Idunn (n.d.). Publishing and Research Ethics Policy. Available at: https://www.idunn.no/info/publiseringsetikk.
  12. IEEE (n.d.). Publishing Ethics: Guidelines and Policies: Post-Publication Policies. Available at: https://books.ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/book-publishing-at-ieee/publishing-ethics/guidelines-and-policies/post-publication-policies.
  13. Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) (n.d.). Guidelines for Ethical Behavior in Publishing. Available at: https://pubsonline.informs.org/page/opre/guidelines-for-ethical-behavior-in-publishing.
  14. IntechOpen (n.d.). Retraction and Correction Policy. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/page/retraction-and-correction-policy.
  15. Marasoviฤ‡, Tea; Utrobiฤ‰iฤ‡, Ana; and Maruลiฤ‡, Ana (2018, March 31). Transparency of Retracting and Replacing Articles. The Lancet, 391 (10127): 1244-1245.
  16. Nature (n.d.). Editorial and Publishing Policies. Available at: https://www.nature.com/srep/journal-policies/editorial-policies.
  17. O’Reilly Media (n.d.). Errata for Java in a Nutshell. Available at: https://www.oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=0636920030775.
  18. Palgrave Macmillan (n.d.). Corrections and Retractions. Available at: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions.
  19. Pearson Education / InformIT (n.d.). Contact Us: Submit Errata. Available at: https://www.informit.com/about/contact_us/index.aspx?ContactUs_Topics_Partners_id=9d39709c-c911-4c96-ac2c-2c5a22d68ba9.
  20. Project Management Institute (PMI) (n.d.). PMI Standards Program Comment Form. Available at: https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/pmbok-standards/pmi-standards-program-comment-form.pdf.
  21. Project Management Institute (PMI) (n.d.). Standards Errata Sheets. Available at: https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/foundational/pmbok/errata-sheets.
  22. Public Library of Science (PLOS) (n.d.). Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/corrections-and-retractions.
  23. SAE International (n.d.). ARINC Standard – Errata Report Template. Available at: https://wcm14.sae.org/site/binaries/content/assets/itc/content/arinc/errata-form.docx [note: selecting the link will download the file].
  24. Sage Publications (n.d.). Sage Corrections and Retractions Policy. Available at: https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/sage-corrections-and-retractions-policy.
  25. Science Publishing Group (n.d.). Ethical Guidelines. Available at: https://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/information/ethical-guidelines.
  26. Springer (n.d.). Editorial Policies: Corrections and Retractions. Available at: https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/corrections-and-retractions.
  27. Taylor & Francis (n.d.). Publishing Ethics for Journal Editors: FAQs. Available at: https://editorresources.taylorandfrancis.com/publishing-ethics-for-editors/publishing-ethics-faqs.
  28. Ubiquity Press (n.d.). Correction and Retraction Policy. Available at: https://ubiquitypress.com/site/corrections.
  29. Warner, Brooke (2019, April 26). How to Publish a Perfect Book. Available at: https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/authors/pw-select/article/79902-how-to-publish-a-perfect-book.html.
  30. Wiley (n.d.). Best Practice Guidelines on Research Integrity and Publishing Ethics. Available at: https://authorservices.wiley.com/ethics-guidelines/index.html.
  31. Wiley Author Services (n.d.). Wiley's Policy for Handling Retractions, Withdrawals, and Expressions of Concern. Available at: https://authorservices.wiley.com/ethics-guidelines/retractions-and-expressions-of-concern.html.
  32. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (n.d.). Managing Intellectual Property in the Book Publishing Industry. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/868/wipo_pub_868.pdf.

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How to Cite This Article


Graffius, Scott M. (2024, October 21). Pennsylvania State Agency Used Scott M. Graffius' Intellectual Property. Available at:
https://scottgraffius.com/blog/files/pa-state-agency-2024.html. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29391.09120.
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Post-Publication Notes

If there are any supplements or updates to this article after the date of publication (21 October 2024), they will appear here.

Update on 25 October 2024

Graffius emailed the details of the violation—as delineated in this article—to multiple people with Pennsylvania's Department of Human Services. That email was titled "Notice to Pennsylvania Department of Human Services on the unauthorized and unattributed use of Scott M. Graffius' intellectual property; copyright infringement, damages."

Update on 26 October 2024

Additionally, Graffius forwarded the email referenced above to Valerie A. Arkoosh. She is the head of Pennsylvania's Department of Human Services.

Update on 28 October 2024

To date, Pennsylvania's Department of Human Services has not addressed nor resolved their violation. Accordingly, it knowingly and willfully continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Update on 6 November 2024

To date, the agency has failed to remove their infringing publication (or even respond). Accordingly, it knowingly and willfully continues to spread misinformation and violate Graffius’ intellectual property rights.

Any further updates on this consequential matter will appear here.

Update on 7 November 2024

bit(dot)ly(slash)pa(dash)gov

Among other actions, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services must immediately remove their infringing publication from all platforms/channels/distributions. The Pennsylvania Department of Human Services continues to serve their infringing publication at
https://palms-awss3-repository.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Shared_Content/Quality+Management/2022+Certification/QM_Handbook_FINAL_20220322.pdf. Graffius included that link along with other details in his initial email to the agency, titled "Notice to Pennsylvania Department of Human Services on the unauthorized and unattributed use of Scott M. Graffius' intellectual property; copyright infringement, damages." Graffius specified the locations known to him; the agency may be serving their infringing publication at additional locations; the agency is responsible for everywhere they published their infringing publication.

By still serving its infringing publication, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services continues to knowingly and willfully spread misinformation and violate Graffius' intellectual property rights.

Any further updates on this consequential matter will appear here.

Update on 14 November 2024

As noted in the article, the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services was serving its infringing publication (PDF with file name 'QM_Handbook_FINAL_20220322.pdf') at multiple locations. The two locations known to Graffius were here and here. However, there may be additional locations.

The agency disabled access to their infringing publication at the first location known to Graffius -
https://palms-awss3-repository.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Shared_Content/Quality+Management/2022+Certification/QM_Handbook_FINAL_20220322.pdf. Going to that link now displays an error page. A screen shot is below.

screen-shot-pa-infringement-at-link-1-finally-disabled

The agency replaced their infringing publication with a different publication at the second location known to Graffius -
https://www.myodp.org/course/view.php?id=1795.

Again, the Pennsylvania state agency blatantly violated Graffius' copyright, damaging the marketability and value of his intellectual property. Copyright infringement is so serious that it is a Federal crime.

Graffius reserves his rights. If Graffius opts to take legal action against the P
ennsylvania state agency for their violation of his copyright, the Federal case will include the greater of statutory damages or actual damages, special charges for willful infringement (which has been clarified by the courts to be either "intentional behavior" or merely "reckless behavior"), and additional costs.

Further updates, if any, will appear here.

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๏ฟผ
Content Acknowledgements

This article uses limited excerpts from the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ content, attributed to the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services and used under fair use for news reporting and analysis. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services’ content (excerpt for what was stolen from others) is the property of the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services.

Graffius’ ‘Phases of Team Development’ is copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved. Visit ScottGraffius.com.

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Copyright


Copyright © Scott M. Graffius. All rights reserved.

Content on this site—including text, images, videos, and data—may not be used for training or input into any artificial intelligence, machine learning, or automatized learning systems, or published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without the express written permission of Scott M. Graffius.


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